aineenvaihtunta 2

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    What is the structure of the outer membrane of mitochondria?

    Similar to cell membrane, highly permeable.

    How does the inner membrane of mitochondria differ from the outer membrane?

    Less permeable and forms folds called cristae.

    What is the role of cristae in mitochondria?

    Increased surface area for energy production.

    What is the citric acid cycle?

    A metabolic pathway for carbohydrates and fats.

    What is the primary substrate for the citric acid cycle?

    Acetyl-CoA derived from glucose and fatty acids.

    What are the main products of the citric acid cycle?

    2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP.

    How does the citric acid cycle relate to ATP production?

    Produces minimal ATP directly; relies on oxidative phosphorylation.

    What happens to acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle?

    It is oxidized to CO2, generating reduced coenzymes.

    What is the significance of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

    They donate electrons to the electron transport chain.

    What is oxidative phosphorylation?

    Process that generates ATP using energy from electron transport.

    What is the role of ATP synthase?

    Synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

    How does the electron transport chain function?

    Transfers electrons through protein complexes, pumping protons.

    What is the consequence of proton pumping in mitochondria?

    Creates a proton gradient used for ATP synthesis.

    What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

    Oxygen, which forms water.

    What is the net ATP yield from one glucose molecule in cellular respiration?

    Approximately 30 ATP from oxidative phosphorylation.


      aineenvaihtunta 2 Study Notes | Cramd