Master this deck with 38 terms through effective study methods.
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Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.
Mitochondria produce energy; the nucleus stores genetic information.
Stem cells arise from mitosis and can differentiate into specialized cells.
Pluripotent cells can become any cell type; totipotent can form an entire organism.
It allows efficient nutrient uptake and waste removal through specialized systems.
It includes phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins for flexibility.
It uses processes like osmosis, diffusion, and active transport.
Active transport requires energy; passive transport does not.
Larger cells have reduced efficiency in nutrient uptake and waste removal.
They provide energy and structural support in cells.
They break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, respectively.
Enzymes lower activation energy, speeding up chemical reactions.
Enzymes have an active site that binds substrates for catalysis.
Induced-fit involves enzyme shape change; lock-and-key does not.
Extreme conditions can denature enzymes, reducing their effectiveness.
Villi and capillaries increase surface area for efficient absorption.
They transport blood through vessels, ensuring efficient material delivery.
The glomerulus filters blood; the Loop of Henle concentrates urine.
Glomerular filtration and selective reabsorption are key processes.
Their thin walls allow for efficient diffusion of gases.
Catabolism breaks down molecules; anabolism builds them up.
ATP provides energy released from catabolic processes for anabolic use.
It occurs in mitochondria and produces ATP from glucose and oxygen.
Aerobic requires oxygen; anaerobic occurs without it.
It converts light energy into chemical energy in chloroplasts.
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens; non-infectious are not.
Prions are misfolded proteins; viruses require a host to replicate.
They help pathogens attach to host cells, initiating infection.
It provides immediate, non-specific defense against pathogens.
It involves vasodilation and immune cell recruitment to injury sites.
It targets specific pathogens using B and T lymphocytes.
They include direct contact, contaminated food, and vectors.
They reduce pathogen transmission and lower infection rates.
It uses feedback mechanisms to regulate internal conditions.
They include chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
They bind to specific receptors, altering cellular activity.
Insulation and behavioral responses help maintain body temperature.
Stomata and vacuoles regulate water loss and storage.