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It describes the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of substances.
It increases water solubility for easier excretion.
Phase I involves modification, while Phase II involves conjugation.
It catalyzes oxidation reactions to modify xenobiotics.
It converts substances into reactive metabolites that can cause toxicity.
It leads to variations in drug metabolism among individuals.
It indicates the fraction of a dose that reaches systemic circulation.
Zero-order has a constant elimination rate, while first-order is proportional to concentration.
They predict the distribution and effects of substances based on biological processes.
It defines the range between effective and toxic concentrations of a drug.
Diet, smoking, drugs, and genetic differences can all affect enzyme activity.
They can bind to cellular macromolecules and cause toxicity.
They conjugate xenobiotics to enhance their excretion.
It examines how substances enter the body and their subsequent effects.
It conjugates with toxicants to facilitate their elimination.
It may accumulate in fatty tissues, leading to prolonged effects.