Physics (XI) Class Note-41-48

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    What is a unit?

    A reference standard for measuring physical quantities.

    What defines fundamental quantities?

    They are independent of other quantities.

    What are derived quantities?

    Quantities defined in terms of fundamental quantities.

    What is the SI system?

    The internationally accepted system of units for measurement.

    What are the base units in the SI system?

    Meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, candela.

    How do derived units relate to base units?

    Derived units are combinations of base units.

    What is the dimension of force?

    [MLT^-2], indicating mass, length, and time.

    What does dimensional analysis help with?

    It checks the dimensional correctness of equations.

    What is significant figures?

    Digits that indicate the precision of a measurement.

    How does rounding off work?

    Digits are adjusted based on the value of the next digit.

    What are systematic errors?

    Errors that consistently skew results in one direction.

    What are random errors?

    Errors that vary unpredictably in size and direction.

    What is absolute error?

    The difference between the actual and observed value.

    What is relative error?

    The absolute error divided by the actual value.

    What is the principle of homogeneity of dimensions?

    All terms in a physical expression must have the same dimensions.

    What happens if quantities with different dimensions are added?

    The operation is invalid and cannot be performed.

    What is the least count of a measuring instrument?

    The smallest division on its scale.

    What is the implication of a dimensionally incorrect equation?

    It must be wrong or inconsistent.

    What is the maximum percentage error in a measurement?

    It combines the individual percentage errors of factors.

    What is the significance of dimensionless quantities?

    They have no units and are pure numbers.

    What is the effect of a positive error in velocity on kinetic energy?

    It results in a greater percentage error in kinetic energy.