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Connecticut Massachusets New Hampshire Rhode Island
New jersey New York Pennsylvania
Maryland North & South carolina Georgia
The difference between birth and death rates
- Tensions rose between religious groups - Land wasn't freely avaliable
- 1715-1725 - 2,400
King Georges Proclamation 1717 The Piracy Act 1717
Tobacco/rice/sugar crops had experience of growing crops Rascist
70,000
30,000
It took peoples money and promised them a share of profit
1733 - 1730 = £8,000 - After the act = £40,000
- Would not have made such large profits - Brought over vital knowledge on how to grow crops - No-one else wanted to do the work - Helped create a very efficient system
55,000
Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina
36,300 tons
35% were slaves
South Carolina and Georgia
19,000
- Rich white colonists depended on them to live - In fear of constant rebellion - Poor settlers thought they were job stealers
- Rich slave culture developed - had no legal rights
- More slaves lived in the southern colonies than white settlers - Economies of Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina depended on slave labour
- travel without permission - gather in large groups - sell goods for profit - own animals
The militia
100 slaves - set up their own town called Mose
Sunday 9 September 1739
1739 yellow fever killed many slaves
- 20 slaves met on the Stono River bridge and stole guns and ammunition from the owner - On their journey they killed 20 white colonists and burned 7 plantations - Attracted 100 supporters - Slaves were attacked by the militia at the Edisto River in the afternoon - 30 managed to escape - later captured
The security act 1739 The negro act 1740
1739 Compulsory for white men to carry a gun on Sundays
1740 Fined slave owners who gave their slaves too much freedom
1741 - people thought the spanish were encouraging slaves to rebel
- March 1741 - governor's home burned down and there were 13 other unconnected fires - Mary Burton claimed to overhear slaves planning to revolt
- 31 slaves and 4 white catholics were executed - 72 slaves were sent to the southern colonies - Slaves in New York were banned from using horses to travel
- Many customs officers accepted bribes - Officials couldnt oversee every port - Sympathised with american traders - local
Led to a decline in customs revenue going back to Britian
- Britain was concerned that the fur production in America meant they were becoming less dependent on Britain - The 1732 Hat Act meant that hats had to be made by Britain
- A movement which brought back traditional ways of worship. - revivalist preacher would address to large groups
- Up to 50,000 joined church - New groups such as baptists started - Divided society - Traditional church lost power - status of women improved
emphasised reason over faith
- Started his own Newspaper 'Pennsylvania Gazette' in 1729 - Wrote Poor Richard's Almanac - Set up the first library in 1740 - Raised donations of £2000 to help the uni of Pennsylvania - Philanthropist ideas - Founded the American Philosophical Society in 1743 that shared scientific ideas
- Revivalist preacher from Massachusetts - Wrote several books, convinced thousands of people to repent their sins
- English priest who toured New England to give sermons - Between 1739 and 1748 he gave sermons that regularly topped 20,000 people
- Preachers didn't have to be trained - Some women could preach - Sermons were spontaneous and enthusiastic - More of a personal experience
- Education was vital - universities opened and schools for poor - Newspapers - had 40 by 1776 - Libraries - Emphasis on own practical knowledge
10 schools
20 libraries
- Organised a fire service - Paid for street paving - Ran a newspaper - Wrote an almanac - Improved police force - Set up library/university - Improved lives of free black men
1729
- Ended King George's War - Britain gave Louisbourg back to France - France gave Madras back to Britain - British and Native American tensions rose
War between Britain and France that took place in NA
- Revivals increased enthusiasm for church - Traditional church died out - Colonists gained access to schools
- Britain and France saw an opportunity to take more land - Britain wanted to control the fur trade
- May 1744, French garrison attacked a British village in Canada - June 1745, British attacked and captured Fort Louisbourg - entrance to fur trade route - November 1745, French attacked British in NY - April 1747, Iroquois tribe agreed to help British - Summer of 1748, British planned to attack but the Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle prevented it
- War cost Britain considerable amounts of money - Little land gained - War made colonists feel angry/ disappointed - Britain and France had a bad relationship - Native American tribes ended their relations with the British
- Small islands in the west indies - Parts of NA from France - Florida from Spain - Ended French/Indian War - Colonists had more control of the fur trade
- Major sugar islands in West Indies - Small fishing islands in Newfoundland
- Cuba from Britain - NA west of the Mississippi River from France
- Removal of French threat - More land was available - Colonists had control over the profitable fur trade - Native Americans couldn't rely on the French to prevent the British expanding into their land
Set up colonies of Quebec, East and West Florida as part of BA
- Damaged trade with Native Americans - Pontiac's rebellion continued - There were 10,00 settlers in Ohio by 1711
- British soldiers looked down upon colonial soldiers - Colonial soldiers felt that British soldiers were brutal - British soldiers were billeted in private homes
- British govern increased taxes for their own defences - American colonists increased smuggling to avoid taxes - British paid 18 shillings, America paid 4 shillings for the army
- Colonies took over economies - introducing their own currencies - Developed own legal systems - Developed own laws
- Early years- Britain suffered lots of defeats in the Ohio country - William Pitt made secretary of State in 1757 - Pitt sent 8,000 additional troops and 12 more warships - By 1758, Britain were in control of the Ohio country - General James Wolfe = led a fleet to Quebec in June 1759 - Fired cannon into the city to wear down the population, burnt the countryside - Tricked French into a battle which Brits won
1764 - Tax of 3p for every gallon of molasses imported into America - Went from 6p - 3p - 1p - British hoped to raise £78,000 a year - Taxes had to be paid in British currency - Harsher punishments for smugglers
- Colonists struggled to pay taxes as they weren't allowed to pay with colonial money - Nine colonies complained about tax - Smugglers tried even harder not to pay
Unofficial militia from Pennsylvania - Believed the British weren't dealing with Pontiac's Rebellion well enough
- December 1763, attacked and killed 20 innocent Native Americans - Native Americans fled to Philadelphia to hide from the P Boys - January 1764, 230 of them marched to Pennsylvania to demand a massacre - Bj Franklin confronted them,pardoned them for the 20 Native Americans they killed
27th April 1763 - council of 400 NAs led by Pontiac rebelled against colonies, they killed over 2000 colonists
Brutally - attacked forts, smuggled blankets with smallpox on to infect NAs
1766
- Declined because they were convinced they could beat them in battle - Ceased trade, Native Americans didn't have guns or ammunition - Colonists began to settle in Native American land
- Colonists agreed to abide by the Proclamation, there were limits to where they could settle - Resumed trading with Native Americans increased the British army in NA to 10,000
- Their pardon made colonists feel like they could attack Native Americans without being punished - Colonial relations with the Native Americans declined as they saw every settler as a threat
1765 - Printed documents must be published on stamped paper - Tax paid with British currency - Was repealed by the Sons of Liberty
1765 - Colonies had to provide housing and food for British soldiers
1767 - Import duties placed on tea, glass, paper - Money raised spent on the British officials in NA
- Riots - Boycotts - United Opposition - Refusal to pay taxes
March 1766 - the colonists forced Britain to back down
5th March 1770
- 100 Boston residents protested outside customs house - Protesting against British taxes - Crowd through snowballs at house - One soldier opened fire and 5 died
- Government repeal taxes - Army withdraw from major colonial cities - Increases support for independence, use it as anti-British propaganda
- Tea Act 1773 - only buy from East India com. - Colonial newspapers argued against it & encouraged people to protest
December 16, 1773
- East India Company ship 'Dartmouth' docked - Boston sons of Liberty disguised themselves as Native Americans - Threw £1m worth of tea into waters of the harbour - Destroying the tea meant the company to stop selling tea and making money
- The Boston Port Bill (closed the harbour) - The Administration of Justice Act (stopped colonial courts from trying British officials) - The Massachusetts Government Act (all colonial officials were appointed by the British government) - The Quartering Act (required colonists to let British live in their homes) - The Quebec Act (extended Canada's border South)
They were designed to coerce the colonists into accepting British rule
5th September - 26th October 1774
- Parliament could only control trade to benefit empire, not to tax them - Colonies would stop British imports - Locally elected committees would make sure this was obeyed
- 18 April 1773, General Thomas Gage sent soldiers to arrest leaders of the pro-independence government - Towns of Lexington and Concord alerted minutemen - The minute men opened fire on the soldiers: 73 British soldiers and 49 colonists were killed
- To borrow $2,000,000 of Spanish currency - To form an army under G. Washington - To speak to other countries (e.g. Spain and France)
- King George III declared the colonies were in Rebellion - British passed the 'American Prohibition Act' which stopped trade with the colonies
April 19th 1775
Published a book on January 10th 1776 called 'Common Sense' that persuaded many Americans to support independence
- April 19th 1775, Battles of Lexington and Concord - January 10th 1776, 'Common Sense' book - July 4th 1776, Declaration of Independence - August 27 1776, Battle of Long Island - NY became HQ for the British soldiers - September 19 & October 7 1777, Battles of Sarotoga - October 1781, Siege of Yorktown - September 3rd 1783, Treaty of Paris
- Drafted by Thomas Jefferson - Listed 18 'crimes' committed by King George III - First use of the term United states - idea that all men are equal
September 19th 1777 October 7th 1777
- The British appealed for peace, government offered colonists a chance to return to laws - The British commander resigned - France joined the was
October 1781