PDF Notes: National 5 revision booklet knowledge and doubt

What is the distinction between 'knowing how' and 'knowing that'?

'Knowing how' involves skills, while 'knowing that' involves facts.

What are the three conditions of the tripartite theory of knowledge?

Justification, truth, and belief are required for knowledge.

How does empiricism differ from rationalism?

Empiricism relies on sensory experience, while rationalism relies on reason.

What does scepticism claim about knowledge?

Scepticism argues that knowledge may be unattainable.

What is Descartes' method of doubt?

It rejects any knowledge claim that can be doubted.

What conclusion does Descartes reach from the dreaming argument?

He cannot trust knowledge gained from senses due to potential dreaming.

What is the Cogito argument?

The assertion 'I think, therefore I am' establishes existence.

Why does Hume claim impressions are more vivid than ideas?

Impressions are direct sensory experiences, while ideas are memories.

What is the Copy Principle according to Hume?

Ideas must originate from corresponding impressions.

What is the significance of the 'missing shade of blue' in Hume's philosophy?

It challenges the idea that all concepts must have corresponding impressions.

How does Descartes evaluate the reliability of the senses?

He concludes they can be deceptive and should not be fully trusted.

What does Hume mean by inward and outward perceptions?

Outward perceptions come from external stimuli, inward from internal feelings.

What does Descartes aim to achieve in his Meditations?

He seeks certainty and a foundation for knowledge.

What is the role of the malicious demon in Descartes' philosophy?

It represents extreme doubt about all knowledge claims.

What criticism is made against the Cogito argument?

It may rely on a hidden premise that is not proven.

What does Hume's distinction between impressions and ideas imply?

Impressions are more reliable than ideas for knowledge.