W14 - Correlation Reliability and Validity

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    What is correlation in psychology?

    Indicates the relationship between two variables.

    How does validity differ from reliability?

    Validity measures accuracy, while reliability measures precision.

    What defines experimental designs?

    Involves manipulation of an independent variable.

    What is internal validity?

    Refers to the extent a study accurately establishes cause and effect.

    What happens if a measure is reliable but not valid?

    It produces consistent results that do not accurately reflect the intended construct.

    What is external validity?

    The extent to which findings can be generalized to other settings.

    What is construct validity?

    Assesses whether a test truly measures the theoretical construct.

    What is face validity?

    Judges whether a measure appears effective at first glance.

    What is ecological validity?

    The degree to which findings can be applied to real-world settings.

    What defines quasi-experimental designs?

    Includes an independent variable but lacks full control by the researcher.

    What is internal validity?

    It assesses the accuracy of causal conclusions about variables.

    What are confounds?

    Unmeasured variables that can affect the variable of interest.

    How do advanced statistics help with confounds?

    They can account for confounds if measured.

    What is external validity?

    It evaluates how generalizable findings are to the population.

    What does a WEIRD sample refer to?

    A sample that is Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic.

    What is construct validity?

    It checks if a measurement accurately reflects the theoretical construct.

    What is face validity?

    It assesses if a measure appears to do what it is intended to do.

    What is reliability in measurement?

    It indicates how consistent and repeatable a measurement is.

    What is test-retest reliability?

    It checks if repeated measurements yield the same results.

    What is inter-rater reliability?

    It assesses if different raters produce similar results.

    What is parallel forms reliability?

    It evaluates if different but equivalent measures yield similar results.

    What is internal consistency reliability?

    It checks if different parts of a measurement yield similar results.

    What is alexithymia?

    A deficit in emotion processing characterized by difficulty identifying and describing emotions.

    How is alexithymia typically measured?

    Using self-report scales like the Toronto Alexithymia Scale.

    What does a correlation measure?

    The strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.

    What is Pearson's correlation coefficient?

    A normalized measure of covariance between two variables.

    What does a correlation of 0 indicate?

    No relationship between the two variables.

    What is the significance of a correlation?

    It indicates how likely the observed correlation is due to chance.

    What is the difference between correlation and causation?

    Correlation does not imply that one variable causes changes in another.

    What are spurious correlations?

    Correlations that occur due to a third variable influencing both variables.

    What is homoscedasticity?

    The assumption that variances in two variables are similar.

    What is the importance of plotting data?

    It helps to visually assess relationships and check for outliers.


      W14 - Correlation Reliability and Validity Study Notes | Cramd