W4 - Open Science

    Master this deck with 26 terms through effective study methods.

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    Created by @onaramirez

    What is the replication crisis in psychology?

    A significant issue where many scientific studies cannot be reproduced.

    What contributes to the replication crisis?

    Factors like publication bias and researcher degrees of freedom affect study reliability.

    What are p-values?

    A statistical measure that helps determine the significance of results.

    How does publication bias affect research?

    It skews the literature by favoring positive results over negative ones.

    What does HARKing stand for?

    Hypothesising After Results Known, which can lead to misleading conclusions.

    What is the significance of reproducibility in science?

    It validates theories and findings, ensuring reliability in research.

    What is psi in parapsychology?

    Anomalous processes of information transfer not explained by known mechanisms.

    How do precognition and premonition differ?

    Precognition involves cognitive awareness, while premonition relates to affective apprehension.

    What was the mean effect size in psi performance across experiments?

    The mean effect size was 0.22, indicating a small but significant effect.

    What role does stimulus seeking play in psi performance?

    Higher stimulus seeking correlates with better psi performance in some studies.

    What is the null hypothesis?

    Assumes no difference or association between groups.

    What does a p-value indicate?

    Probability of observing data as extreme as the sample if the null hypothesis is true.

    What does p < .05 signify?

    Results are statistically significant.

    How does the alternative hypothesis differ from the null hypothesis?

    It suggests a significant difference or association exists.

    What is a Type I error?

    Claiming an effect exists when it does not.

    What is a Type II error?

    Claiming no effect exists when it actually does.

    What was the outcome of the Open Science Collaboration in 2015?

    Only 39% of original studies were successfully replicated.

    What is publication bias?

    Preference for publishing significant or novel findings.

    What are questionable research practices?

    Methods that may lead to false positives or misinterpretation of data.

    What is HARKing?

    Hypothesizing after results are known, misleadingly presenting it as a priori.

    Why is replicability important in science?

    Ensures findings are reliable and not due to chance.

    What are researcher degrees of freedom?

    Choices researchers make that can affect study outcomes.

    What is the impact of false positives in health research?

    Can lead to ineffective treatments being falsely deemed effective.

    What is the role of preregistration in research?

    Increases transparency and reduces selective reporting.

    What does the term 'open science' imply?

    A transparent research process that shares data and methods publicly.

    What is the significance of registered replication reports?

    They emphasize the importance of replication in scientific progress.