Hypersensitivity

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    What is hypersensitivity?

    An exaggerated immune response causing harm to host cells.

    What defines type 1 hypersensitivity?

    Involves B cells and results in allergic reactions.

    How does type 1 hypersensitivity differ from type 2?

    Type 1 is allergy-related, while type 2 involves antibodies against host cells.

    What happens during degranulation in type 1 hypersensitivity?

    Mast cells release histamine and other mediators causing allergy symptoms.

    What is anaphylaxis?

    A severe systemic allergic reaction that can be life-threatening.

    What defines type 2 hypersensitivity?

    Antibodies bind to antigens on host cells, leading to cell damage.

    How does type 2 hypersensitivity lead to phagocytosis?

    Antigen-antibody complexes activate complement, attracting phagocytes.

    What is the role of C3b in type 2 hypersensitivity?

    Acts as an opsonin to enhance phagocytosis of target cells.

    What defines type 3 hypersensitivity?

    Involves soluble antigens forming immune complexes that cause inflammation.

    How does type 3 hypersensitivity differ from type 2?

    Type 3 involves soluble antigens, while type 2 targets antigens on host cells.

    What is the end result of type 3 hypersensitivity?

    Inflammation due to immune complex deposition and complement activation.

    What defines type 4 hypersensitivity?

    A delayed response mediated by T cells without antibody involvement.

    How does type 4 hypersensitivity lead to granuloma formation?

    T cells activate macrophages, leading to chronic inflammation and granulomas.

    What is the main difference between type 1 and type 4 hypersensitivity?

    Type 1 is immediate and antibody-mediated; type 4 is delayed and T cell-mediated.

    What are examples of type 1 hypersensitivity?

    Allergies like asthma, hay fever, and anaphylaxis.

    What are examples of type 2 hypersensitivity?

    Conditions like hemolytic anemia and blood transfusion reactions.

    What are examples of type 3 hypersensitivity?

    Diseases like serum sickness and systemic lupus erythematosus.

    What are examples of type 4 hypersensitivity?

    Conditions like contact dermatitis and tuberculosis.