Science Study Guide Unit 8

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    What is a calorie?

    Measures energy content in food.

    What defines cellular respiration?

    Releases energy stored in food.

    What is aerobic respiration?

    Requires oxygen to produce energy.

    What is anaerobic respiration?

    Produces energy without oxygen.

    What happens during glycolysis?

    Glucose is converted into pyruvate.

    What role does NAD+ play in respiration?

    Carries electrons during energy production.

    What is the Krebs cycle?

    Breaks down pyruvate to release CO₂.

    Where does cellular respiration occur?

    In the mitochondrion of cells.

    What is the matrix in mitochondria?

    Innermost compartment where reactions occur.

    What does the electron transport chain do?

    Produces the majority of ATP.

    What is fermentation?

    Regenerates NAD+ in the absence of oxygen.

    What is alcoholic fermentation?

    Produces alcohol and CO₂ as byproducts.

    What is lactic acid fermentation?

    Produces lactic acid, causing muscle fatigue.

    How do aerobic and anaerobic respiration differ?

    Aerobic uses oxygen; anaerobic does not.

    How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

    They have opposite chemical equations.

    What enters the Krebs cycle?

    Acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate.

    What is produced in the Krebs cycle?

    CO₂, NADH, and FADH₂ are generated.

    Where does the electron transport chain occur?

    In the inner mitochondrial membrane.

    How is ATP generated in the electron transport chain?

    Through chemiosmosis and ATP synthase.

    What is the average ATP yield from aerobic respiration?

    Approximately 36 to 38 ATP molecules.

    What is the purpose of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

    Acts as the final electron acceptor.

    How do alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation differ?

    Alcoholic produces ethanol; lactic acid produces lactate.