PDF Notes: Chapter 7 Thermochemistry_240214_020453

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    What is thermochemistry?

    Studies the relationship between chemistry and energy.

    What type of reaction do chemical handwarmers use?

    Exothermic reaction.

    What is energy?

    Capacity to do work.

    How does kinetic energy differ from potential energy?

    Kinetic energy is due to motion; potential energy is due to position.

    What is thermal energy?

    Energy associated with the temperature of an object.

    What does the law of conservation of energy state?

    Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

    What is a thermodynamic system?

    The portion of the universe singled out for investigation.

    What is heat capacity?

    Quantity of heat required to change temperature by 1°C.

    What is the difference between heat and work?

    Heat is energy transfer due to temperature difference; work is energy transfer due to force acting through distance.

    What is calorimetry?

    Study of thermal energy exchanged between a reaction and its surroundings.

    What is enthalpy?

    Sum of internal energy and the product of pressure and volume.

    How do endothermic and exothermic reactions differ?

    Endothermic absorbs heat; exothermic releases heat.

    What is the significance of standard enthalpy of formation?

    Change in enthalpy when 1 mol of compound forms from its elements.

    What happens to heat during a chemical reaction at constant pressure?

    It is measured as the change in enthalpy.

    What is the relationship between ΔH and the direction of a reaction?

    Reversing a reaction changes the sign of ΔH.

    What is the formula for calculating change in internal energy?

    ΔE = q + W.

    What does a bomb calorimeter measure?

    Change in internal energy at constant volume.

    What is the role of potential energy in chemical reactions?

    It comes from electrostatic forces and is converted to thermal energy.

    What is the formula for calculating heat transfer?

    q = m × Cs × ΔT.

    What is the difference between extensive and intensive properties?

    Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter; intensive do not.