Neuro scienze

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    What do cognitive neurosciences study?

    They explore how the brain produces thoughts, sensations, and perceptions.

    What is the consequence of inadequate mental representations?

    It can lead to pathological behaviors, such as in autistic individuals.

    What does the Posner letter association task demonstrate?

    Response times vary based on the type of identity (physical vs. category).

    How does the Sternberg memory comparison task work?

    Participants determine if a letter was in a previously shown string.

    What are the four primary mental operations in Sternberg's task?

    Encoding, comparison, decision, and response.

    What happens to response times in simultaneous vs. serial processing?

    Simultaneous processing yields constant times; serial processing increases with more items.

    What is the 'word superiority effect'?

    Words are processed as whole units, improving response accuracy and speed.

    What does the Stroop effect illustrate?

    It shows conflict between word meaning and ink color, affecting response times.

    What is the purpose of computer modeling in cognitive neuroscience?

    To simulate cognitive processes and compare them to human behavior.

    How do network models differ from simpler models?

    They simulate complex cognitive phenomena using multiple computational units.

    What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?

    It is crucial for forming but not maintaining episodic memories.

    What do neurophysiological techniques study?

    They record electrical activity of individual neurons during behaviors.

    What is the significance of retinotopic maps?

    They reflect spatial organization in the visual system.

    What is the main assumption behind lesion techniques?

    Specific brain area damage leads to specific functional impairments.

    What is a knock-out gene technique?

    It eliminates specific genes to study their functional roles.

    What does simple dissociation in memory studies indicate?

    Different brain lesions affect distinct memory components.

    What is the purpose of neuroimaging techniques?

    To study brain function and structure in living subjects.

    How does MRI differ from CT scans?

    MRI is non-invasive and provides detailed soft tissue images.

    What is the significance of T1 and T2 in MRI?

    They refer to different relaxation times affecting image contrast.

    What does diffusion tensor imaging assess?

    It evaluates microstructural integrity of white matter in the brain.

    What does fractional anisotropy indicate?

    It reflects the integrity of white matter fibers in the brain.

    What is the role of tractography in neuroimaging?

    It reconstructs 3D pathways of white matter fibers in the brain.