PDF Notes: Mole Concept

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    What is the mole?

    Represents 6.02 x 10^23 particles of a substance.

    What is Avogadro's number?

    The number of particles in one mole, approximately 6.02 x 10^23.

    How does Avogadro's law define gas volumes?

    Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.

    What volume does 1 mole of gas occupy at STP?

    22.4 dm³.

    What is molar concentration?

    Moles of solute per 1 dm³ of solution.

    What is mass concentration?

    Mass of solute in grams per 1 dm³ of solution.

    What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

    Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

    What is the first step in balancing chemical equations?

    Write the unbalanced equation.

    What do coefficients in a chemical equation indicate?

    The number of moles of each substance involved.

    What is a limiting reactant?

    The reactant that runs out first and stops the reaction.

    What is the purpose of a titration?

    To determine the concentration of a solution.

    What is the endpoint in a titration?

    The point where a color change indicates the reaction is complete.

    What is the empirical formula?

    The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.

    How do you find the molecular formula from the empirical formula?

    Multiply the empirical formula by a whole number n.

    What does stoichiometry involve?

    Using mole ratios from balanced equations to find quantities of reactants or products.

    What is the molar volume of a gas at RTP?

    24.0 dm³.

    What happens to concentration during dilution?

    Concentration decreases while the number of moles remains constant.

    What is percent yield?

    The ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield expressed as a percentage.

    What is the significance of the equivalence point in a titration?

    It indicates that the number of moles of titrant equals the number of moles of analyte.

    What is the role of spectator ions in ionic equations?

    They do not participate in the reaction and are canceled out.