PDF Notes: Microbiologia_medica_Jawetz-678-682

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    What are the two main groups of parasites?

    Protozoa and helminths.

    How are protozoan parasites classified?

    Based on locomotion and reproduction.

    What distinguishes flagellates from other protozoa?

    They have one or more flagella for movement.

    What is a key characteristic of amoebas?

    They move using pseudopodia.

    What defines sporozoites?

    They have a complex life cycle with sexual and asexual phases.

    What is unique about ciliates?

    They have cilia and two types of nuclei.

    What are microsporidia?

    Intracellular parasites affecting immunocompromised hosts.

    How do nematodes differ from flatworms?

    Nematodes are round and non-segmented.

    What is a defining feature of trematodes?

    They have a leaf-like shape and two muscular suckers.

    What is the life cycle of trematodes typically initiated by?

    Eggs expelled into water from the host.

    What is the primary method of transmission for cestodes?

    Ingestion of larvae from intermediate hosts.

    What happens to protozoan infections in the host?

    They multiply rapidly, causing quick onset of symptoms.

    What is a challenge in treating intracellular protozoan infections?

    Drugs must cross the host cell membrane.

    What are bradyzoites?

    Dormant forms of Toxoplasma in tissue cysts.

    What is the significance of hypnozoites?

    They can cause relapses in Plasmodium infections.

    What symptoms are common in disseminated protozoan infections?

    Fever and nonspecific flu-like symptoms.

    How do some protozoan parasites evade the immune response?

    By being intracellular or exhibiting antigenic variation.