8.1

What is the ANOVA method used for? a)To find out if three (or more) population means are equal. b)To determine the relationship between three (or more) variables. c)To find out if three (or more) population variances are equal. d)To determine to reject the null hypothesis, or not.

a)To find out if three (or more) population means are equal.

In the ANOVA table, how many hypothesis tests are there / what approach is used to make conclusion(s)? a)A hypothesis test for each population / The p-value approach. b)No hypothesis test(s) / No approach is used. c)One hypothesis test / The p-value approach. d)One hypothesis test / The critical value approach.

c)One hypothesis test / The p-value approach.

In the ANOVA table, what is the null hypothesis / the alternative hypothesis? a)Populations variances are equal / Population variances are not equal. b)Populations means are not equal / Population means are equal. c)Populations means are equal / Population means are not equal. d)Populations means are zero / Population means are not zero.

c)Populations means are equal / Population means are not equal.

In the ANOVA method, what is the main reason why several independent two-sample t-tests are not used to answer the question about the population means? a)Because of a loss of control over the Type-I error rate (α). b)Because the F-test was invented before the t-test. c)Because independent two-sample t-tests cannot answer this question. d)Because this approach involves a lot more work.

a)Because of a loss of control over the Type-I error rate (α).

Why does the ANOVA table take the approach to analyze variances to get information about population means? a)This approach is simpler requiring only the variances and n (s2/n), and not the averages. b)Equal variances imply equal population means. c)This approach requires only one hypothesis test, thus controlling α. d)Standardized variances are easier to use in a t-test.

c)This approach requires only one hypothesis test, thus controlling α.

The ANOVA Fraction is the basis of the ANOVA table. What is the basis for the ANOVA Fraction? a)The sampling distribution of the sample average. b)The sampling distribution of the sample variance. c)The relationship between the sample variance and the population variance. d)The relationship between the standard deviation and the variance.

a)The sampling distribution of the sample average.

In the ANOVA table, how is the Theoretical Variance calculated? a)Pooling the sample variances and dividing by the count (s2p/n). b)Using an F-transformation to convert the sample variance (s2) into the Theoretical Variance (s2p/n). c)Calculating the sample variance of the three (or more) sample averages (s2¯x). d)Calculating the sum-of-squares and dividing by the degrees of freedom (sosp/n−1).

a)Pooling the sample variances and dividing by the count (s2p/n).

In the ANOVA table, how is the Actual Variance calculated? a)Calculating the sum-of-squares and dividing by the degrees of freedom (sosp/n−1). b)Calculating the sample variance of the three (or more) sample averages (s2¯x). c)Using an F-transformation to convert the sample variance (s2) into the Theoretical Variance (s2p/n). d)Pooling the sample variances and dividing by the count (s2p/n).

b)Calculating the sample variance of the three (or more) sample averages (s2¯x).

In the ANOVA table, what is the result when the values of all three (or more) population means are not equal? a)The Actual Variance is larger than the Theoretical Variance. b)The Actual Variance has the same mathematical sign as the Theoretical Variance. c)The Actual Variance is close in size to the Theoretical Variance. d)The Actual Variance is exactly equal to the Theoretical variance.

a)The Actual Variance is larger than the Theoretical Variance.

In the ANOVA Table, what concept of testing does it follow for analyzing population means? a)Calculating one confidence interval for all populations and see if it contains all sample averages. b)Several specific hypothesis tests of all pairs of population means. c)Comparing the confidence intervals for each population mean. d)An overall hypothesis test of all population means.

d)An overall hypothesis test of all population means.

Please select two choices that are the components of the ANOVA method? a)ANOVA Table. b)Sum-of-Squares Table. c)Tukey Table d)Levene's Table.

a)ANOVA Table. c)Tukey Table

In an ANOVA dataset, how are the data values arranged in the wide view / in the long view? a)By importance of the variables / By rank of the variables. b)By order of the variables / By order of the data values. c)By variables / By populations. d)By populations / By variables.

d)By populations / By variables.

In the long view of an ANOVA dataset, what information is in the Response Variable / in the Factor Variable? a)The measured data values / The names of the populations. b)A measured response / A controlled stimulus. c)The measured data values / The appropriate multiplier. d)The values of the response variable / The values of the predictor variable.

a)The measured data values / The names of the populations.

In an ANOVA data set, how many levels are there in the Factor Variable? a)Up to three. b)One for each population. c)No levels. d)Less than the number of data values.

b)One for each population.

In the ANOVA method, select each choice that is an assumption of this method? a)The population variances are equal. b)All individuals are independent of each other. c)Each individual is selected randomly. d)The data values in each population have the normal shape.

a)The population variances are equal. b)All individuals are independent of each other. c)Each individual is selected randomly. d)The data values in each population have the normal shape.

What information does the ANOVA table NOT give when the null hypothesis is rejected? a)That none of the population means are equal. b)How the population means are not equal. c)That all the population means are equal. d)Which population means are equal.

b)How the population means are not equal.

In the Tukey Table, what concept of testing does it follow for analyzing population means? a)Calculating one confidence interval for all populations and see if it contains all sample averages. b)Comparing the confidence intervals for each population mean. c)Several hypothesis tests for all pairs of population means. d)An overall hypothesis test of all population means.

c)Several hypothesis tests for all pairs of population means.

In the ANOVA table, what is the result when the value of all three (or more) population means are equal? a)The Actual Variance is larger than the Theoretical Variance. b)The Actual Variance is exactly equal to the Theoretical variance. c)The Actual Variance is close in size to the Theoretical Variance. d)The Actual Variance has the same mathematical sign as the Theoretical Variance.

c)The Actual Variance is close in size to the Theoretical Variance.

In the ANOVA table, what information does the Theoretical Variance give? a)The calculated spread of the sample averages coming from one population. b)The expected spread of the sample averages coming from one population. c)Two of these other answers. d)The expected spread of the sample variances coming from one population.

b)The expected spread of the sample averages coming from one population.

In the ANOVA table, what information does the Actual Variance give? a)The calculated spread of the data values. b)The calculated spread of the sample averages. c)The calculated spread of the sample variances. d)The calculated spread of the population means.

b)The calculated spread of the sample averages.

In the ANOVA table, how are these two special variances actually analyzed? a)By subtracting to see if the resulting value is close to zero. b)By dividing to see if the resulting value is close to one. c)By multiplying to see if the resulting value is positive. d)By converting into F-values and comparing.

b)By dividing to see if the resulting value is close to one.

In the long view of an ANOVA dataset, what type of data is in the factor variable / in the response variable? a)Continuous data / Qualitative data. b)Discrete data / Qualitative data. c)Qualitative data / Continuous data. d)Continuous data / Continuous data.

c)Qualitative data / Continuous data.

In an ANOVA dataset, how many levels are in the factor variable if it contains four values: freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior? a)One level for a one-way ANOVA. b)One level for each population. c)Four levels. d)Two of these other answers.

d)Two of these other answers.

How many factor variables are in a One-Way ANOVA? a)One factor variable for a one-way ANOVA. b)One factor variable for each population. c)One factor variable for each categorical variable in the dataset. d)Two of these other answers.

a)One factor variable for a one-way ANOVA.

In the ANOVA table, there are four assumptions to be met. What is the focus of the first two assumptions / the last two assumptions? a)Concerns random selection / Concerns normality. b)Concerns the Theoretical variance / Concerns the Actual variance c)Concerns the data values / Concerns the populations. d)Concerns proper data values / Concerns a proper dataset.

c)Concerns the data values / Concerns the populations.

In the ANOVA table, what does the assumption of Normality mean? a)The shape of each population is normal. b)The shape of each data value is normal. c)The shape of the factor variable is normal. d)The shape of the response variable is normal.

a)The shape of each population is normal.

In the ANOVA table, what does the assumption of Equal Variance mean? a)All data values have the same variance. b)The mathematical sign in the alternative hypothesis is not equal (≠). c)All populations have the same variance. d)The response variable and the factor variable have the same variance.

c)All populations have the same variance.

In the ANOVA table, what is the ANOVA fraction? a)Fraction=Theoretical Variance/Actual Variance . b)Fraction=Response Variance/Factor Variance . c)Fraction=Response Variance/Levels Variance . d)Fraction=Actual Variance/Theoretical Variance .

d)Fraction=Actual Variance/Theoretical Variance .