PDF Notes: biology ch 5 reader pdf

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    Who discovered cells and how?

    Robert Hooke observed cork under a microscope.

    What defines a cell?

    Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

    What is the function of the plasma membrane?

    It regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

    How do unicellular organisms differ from multicellular organisms?

    Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell, while multicellular organisms are made up of many cells.

    What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

    The cell gains water and may swell.

    What is plasmolysis?

    It is the shrinkage of a cell's contents away from the cell wall due to water loss.

    What is the role of lysosomes?

    They digest foreign materials and worn-out organelles.

    What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    Prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

    What is the function of mitochondria?

    They generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

    What are plastids and their types?

    Organelles in plant cells; types include chloroplasts and leucoplasts.

    What is the significance of the nucleus?

    It directs cellular activities and contains genetic material.

    What occurs during mitosis?

    A mother cell divides to form two identical daughter cells.

    What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

    Mitosis produces two identical cells; meiosis produces four genetically varied cells.

    What is osmosis?

    The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

    What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

    It modifies, packages, and dispatches cellular products.

    Who discovered cells and how?

    Robert Hooke observed cork under a microscope.

    What is the significance of the term 'cell' in biology?

    It represents the basic unit of life.

    What are unicellular organisms?

    Organisms made up of a single cell.

    How do multicellular organisms develop from a single cell?

    Cells divide to produce more cells.

    What is the plasma membrane?

    It separates the cell's contents from the environment.

    What does selectively permeable mean in relation to the plasma membrane?

    It allows some substances to pass while blocking others.

    What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

    The cell gains water and may swell.

    What is plasmolysis?

    Shrinkage of the cell's contents away from the cell wall.

    What is the function of lysosomes?

    They digest foreign materials and worn-out organelles.

    Why are mitochondria known as the powerhouses of the cell?

    They generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

    What are plastids?

    Organelles in plant cells involved in storage and photosynthesis.

    What is the role of the nucleus?

    It directs cellular activities and contains genetic material.

    What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    Prokaryotes lack a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

    What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

    A network of membranes involved in transport and synthesis.

    What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for?

    Storage, modification, and packaging of cellular products.

    What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

    They store substances and provide turgidity.

    What is the process of cell division called?

    Mitosis for growth and meiosis for gamete formation.

    What happens during meiosis?

    It produces four cells with half the chromosome number.

    Who discovered cells and how?

    Robert Hooke observed cork under a microscope.

    What defines a cell?

    Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

    What is the function of the plasma membrane?

    It regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

    How do unicellular organisms differ from multicellular organisms?

    Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell, while multicellular organisms are made up of many cells.

    What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

    The cell gains water and may swell.

    What is plasmolysis?

    It is the shrinkage of a cell's contents away from the cell wall due to water loss.

    What is the role of lysosomes?

    They digest foreign materials and worn-out organelles.

    What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    Prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

    What is the function of mitochondria?

    They generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

    What are plastids and their types?

    Organelles in plant cells; types include chloroplasts and leucoplasts.

    What is the significance of the nucleus?

    It directs cellular activities and contains genetic material.

    What occurs during mitosis?

    A mother cell divides to form two identical daughter cells.

    What is the outcome of meiosis?

    It produces four gametes with half the chromosome number.

    What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

    It modifies, packages, and dispatches cellular products.

    How does osmosis differ from diffusion?

    Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

    Who discovered cells and how?

    Robert Hooke observed cork under a microscope.

    What defines a cell?

    Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

    What is the function of the plasma membrane?

    It regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

    How do unicellular organisms differ from multicellular organisms?

    Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell, while multicellular organisms are made up of many cells.

    What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

    The cell gains water and may swell.

    What is plasmolysis?

    It is the shrinkage of a cell's contents away from the cell wall due to water loss.

    What is the role of lysosomes?

    They digest foreign materials and worn-out organelles.

    What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    Prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

    What is the function of mitochondria?

    They generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

    What are plastids and their types?

    Organelles in plant cells; types include chloroplasts and leucoplasts.

    What is the significance of the nucleus?

    It directs cellular activities and contains genetic material.

    What occurs during mitosis?

    A mother cell divides to form two identical daughter cells.

    What is the outcome of meiosis?

    It produces four gametes with half the chromosome number.

    What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

    It modifies, packages, and dispatches cellular products.

    How does osmosis differ from diffusion?

    Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

    Who discovered cells and how?

    Robert Hooke observed cork under a microscope.

    What defines a cell?

    Cells are the basic unit of life.

    What is the function of the plasma membrane?

    It regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

    What is the role of the nucleus?

    It directs the life processes of the cell.

    How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ?

    Prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus; eukaryotic cells have one.

    What happens during osmosis in a hypotonic solution?

    Cells gain water and may swell.

    What is the function of lysosomes?

    They digest foreign materials and worn-out organelles.

    What is the significance of mitochondria?

    They generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

    What are plastids and their types?

    Organelles in plant cells; types include chloroplasts and leucoplasts.

    What is the process of cell division called?

    Cell division is called mitosis or meiosis.

    What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

    It modifies, packages, and stores substances in the cell.

    What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    It serves as channels for transport and synthesizes proteins and lipids.

    What occurs during plasmolysis?

    Cell contents shrink away from the cell wall due to water loss.

    What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?

    Rough ER has ribosomes; smooth ER does not.

    What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

    They store substances and provide turgidity.

    What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

    The cell loses water and shrinks.

    What is the role of ribosomes?

    They are the sites of protein synthesis.

    What is the significance of chloroplasts?

    They are essential for photosynthesis in plants.

    What is the main function of the cell wall?

    It provides structural support to plant cells.

    What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

    Mitosis produces two identical cells; meiosis produces four genetically varied cells.