GI tract

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    Created by @ksmith333

    What are common gastrointestinal pathogens?

    Include viruses, bacteria, and parasites affecting the GI tract.

    How does Escherichia coli differ from Salmonella spp.?

    E. coli is part of the normal microbiome, while Salmonella is primarily pathogenic.

    What causes diarrhea in horses?

    Infectious agents like E. coli, Salmonella, and Clostridium can be responsible.

    Which pathogens are zoonotic?

    E. coli, Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, and Cryptosporidium can infect humans.

    What is the role of Enterobacteriaceae in the GI tract?

    They are normal microbiota but can act as opportunistic pathogens.

    What defines Clostridium perfringens?

    It can cause gastrointestinal disease, especially in stressed animals.

    How do viruses like Coronavirus and Rotavirus affect the GI tract?

    They can lead to severe diarrhea and dehydration in infected hosts.

    What is the significance of Giardia in gastrointestinal health?

    It is a protozoan that causes diarrhea and is often transmitted through contaminated water.

    What differentiates Toxocara canis from Toxascaris leonina?

    Toxocara canis primarily infects dogs, while Toxascaris leonina affects both dogs and cats.

    What happens if a horse is infected with Strongylus vulgaris?

    It can cause severe colic and damage to blood vessels in the intestines.

    What signs indicate colic in a horse?

    Kicking, rolling, sweating, and inappetence are common signs.

    How does infectious colic differ from non-infectious colic?

    Infectious colic is caused by pathogens, while most colic cases are non-infectious.

    What agents cause calf scours?

    Viruses, bacteria, nematodes, and protozoa can all cause diarrhea.

    What are the most common viral agents of calf scours?

    Coronavirus and rotavirus are the most common.

    What role do Clostridium bacteria play in gastrointestinal disease?

    They can cause enterotoxemia and other serious conditions.

    What is a key characteristic of Clostridium bacteria?

    They are anaerobic, gram-positive, and spore-forming.

    What happens if Clostridium botulinum infects an animal?

    It can lead to flaccid paralysis.

    What is the prevention method for Clostridial infections?

    Vaccination with CD+T and botulism vaccines is effective.

    What are the signs of colic that differ from diarrhea?

    Decreased fecal output and repeated lying down are specific to colic.

    What distinguishes Clostridium perfringens from other Clostridia?

    It is specifically associated with enterotoxemia.