PDF Notes: AP U

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    What justified European conquest of Native Americans?

    Native Americans lacked machines, metalwork, and written language.

    How did Spanish conquistadors conquer the Aztec and Inca empires?

    They used advanced weaponry and introduced smallpox.

    What was the Black Legend of Spanish Colonization?

    A propaganda piece criticizing Spain's treatment of Native Americans.

    How did French and Dutch colonization differ from Spanish colonization?

    They took a less violent approach and respected Native religions.

    What was the Columbian Exchange?

    The transfer of diseases and crops between Europe and the Americas.

    What was the headright system in the Chesapeake colonies?

    A policy offering land for each settler brought over.

    What caused the shift from indentured servitude to African slavery in the Chesapeake?

    The increasing dependence on labor for tobacco cultivation.

    What was the significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses?

    It was the first representative government in English North America.

    What was the outcome of Nathaniel Bacon's Rebellion?

    A shift towards imported African slave labor.

    What was the Maryland Act of Toleration?

    It granted religious freedom to all Christian colonists.

    How did the English Civil War affect Maryland?

    It led to the termination of religious toleration in the colony.

    What was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

    The first constitution in America establishing a representative government.

    What was the main cash crop in Virginia?

    Tobacco became the primary cash crop for the colony.

    What was the impact of the Pequot War?

    It resulted in the massacre of the Pequot tribe and increased English dominance.

    What did the Puritans believe about government?

    They believed in self-governance and that only church members could vote.

    What was the significance of the Salem Witch Trials?

    They highlighted the extremes of religious fanaticism in Puritan society.

    What was the Mayflower Compact?

    An agreement to create just laws for the Plymouth colony.

    What was the role of Squanto in Plymouth?

    He assisted the Pilgrims in surviving their first winter.

    What was the main reason for the establishment of Georgia?

    To create a haven for persecuted Protestants and the poor.

    What was the Enlightenment's view on government?

    It emphasized individual rights and questioned absolutism.

    What did Thomas Paine advocate in Common Sense?

    A democratic system with frequent elections and a written constitution.

    What was mercantilism?

    An economic system aimed at increasing state power through wealth.

    What was the Albany Plan of Union?

    A proposal for colonial unification for defense, rejected by the colonies.

    What sparked Pontiac's Rebellion?

    Native American resistance to British encroachment after the Seven Years' War.

    What was the Stamp Act?

    A tax on printed documents that sparked colonial opposition.

    What was the Boston Tea Party?

    A protest against the Tea Act where colonists destroyed British tea.

    What were the Coercive Acts?

    British laws punishing Boston for the Tea Party, escalating tensions.