clinical

What is the key emotional characteristic of phobias?

The fear is out of proportion to threat

What is the key behavioural characteristic of phobias?

Avoidance

According to the behavioural approach, how are phobias acquired?

By classical conditioning / association

According to the behavioural approach, what are phobias are maintained by?

Operant conditioning / negative reinforcement

Which 3 key processes are involved in systematic desensitisation?

Anxiety hierarchy, gradual exposure and relaxation

What is involved in flooding?

Immediate exposure to highest anxiety inducing situation

What are the two key emotional characteristics of depression?

Low mood Low self- esteem

Beck explains depression in terms of the negative triad. What does this involving having beliefs about?

The self, world and future

Ellis explains depression in terms of the ABC model. What does this stand for?

Activating event, belief and consequences

What is the core aim of CBT for depression?

Challenge irrational thoughts

Between therapy sessions, what would Beck would ask patients to complete?

Homework

What are the two key characteristics of OCD?

Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviour

What do the concordance rates between identical and non- identical twins for OCD provide evidence for?

Role of genetics

Identify two neural correlates for OCD

Low serotonin and frontal lobe dysfunction

SSRIs are the drug used to treat OCD. What does SSRI stand for?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

In relation to defining abnormality, how is behaviour that is rare referred to?

Statistically infrequent

In relation to defining abnormality, what does behaviour that is not accepted or expected deviate from?

Social norms

In relation to defining abnormality, what are self- actualisation and resistance to stress aspects of?

Ideal mental health

In relation to defining abnormality, what is displaying maladaptive behaviour in relation to life goals an aspect of?

Failing to function adequately