Physical Science: Waves

    Master this deck with 60 terms through effective study methods.

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    Created by @a_hane

    Mechanical Wave

    a disturbance that transmits energy through matter or space

    vibration; medium

    A mechanical wave is created when a source of energy causes a ______ to travel through a _______

    Medium

    the material through which a wave travels

    TRUE

    T/F: A medium can be a solid, liquid, or gas

    Waves

    ________ are classified by how the medium moves in relation to the movement of the wave

    1) Transverse Wave 2) Longitudinal Wave

    Name the 2 types of mechanical waves

    Transverse Wave

    a wave in which the medium moves at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels Example: light and heat, a football game, rope

    Line of Origin

    the original position of the medium before the wave passes through

    Crest

    the highest point of the wave (highest energy)

    Trough

    the lowest point of the wave (lowest energy)

    Amplitude

    the distance from the line of origin to the top of a crest (or the bottom of the trough)

    Wavelength

    the distance from a crest to crest (or a trough to trough)

    The distance from a point on one wave to the same point on the next wave

    How do you determine the wavelength?

    Longitudinal Wave

    a wave in which the medium moves in the same direction as the movement of the wave Example: sound

    Compression

    an area where the particles of the medium are close together

    Rarefaction

    an area where the particles of the medium are far apart

    Wavelength

    the distance between 2 compression's or 2 rarefaction's

    Amplitude

    the width of a compression or rarefaction

    Frequency

    the number of complete wave cycles that pass a point in a given amount of time

    Hertz (Hz)- waves/sec Example: AM and FM radio

    What is frequency measured in?

    crest and trough OR compression and rarefaction

    1 wave = 1 ____ and 1 _____ OR 1 __________ and 1 ___________

    Speed

    the speed of a wave is equal to the wavelength multiplied by the frequency

    S = F x W

    What is the formula for speed?

    Speed unit: m/s Frequency unit: Hertz (Hz) Wavelength unit: meters

    What are the units of speed, frequency, and wavelength?

    barrier; wave

    When a wave encounters a _______ or another ______, they exhibit certain properties

    Reflection

    when a wave bounces off a hard, flat surface Example: echo (gym), light

    Diffraction

    the bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or through a narrow opening Example: sound bends around corners, ocean waves

    TRUE

    T/F: Sound diffracts more than light

    Refraction

    the bending of a wave as it enters a new medium at an angle (due to a change in speed) Example: pencil in water

    Interference

    when a wave interacts with another wave

    1) Constructive Interference 2) Destructive Interference

    Name the 2 types of interference

    Constructive Interference

    when 2 crests or 2 compression meet

    Destructive Interference

    when the crest of one wave meets the trough of another, or when a compression meets a rarefaction Example: speakers, swimmers

    Longitudinal

    Sound waves are (transverse/longitudinal)?

    a medium

    What do sound waves need to move?

    by a vibrating object

    How is sound produced?

    1) Temperature 2) Medium 3) Elasticity 4) Density 5) Intensity

    Name the 5 factors affecting the speed of sound

    FASTER

    The higher the temperature, the (faster/slower) the speed of sound?

    340 m/s

    What is the speed of sound?

    1) Solid (Iron- 5000 m/s) 2) Liquid (Water- 1500 m/s) 3) Air (340 m/s)

    What is the order of how fast sound can travel through a medium (Liquid, Gas, Solid)

    Elasticity

    how fast the particles of a substance can move and return to their original position

    Solids

    Most elastic? Solids or gases

    Gases

    Least elastic? Solids or gases

    Density

    The higher the _____ of the substance, the faster the speed of sound moves through that substance (particles are closer together)

    Intensity (loudness or volume)

    depends on the amplitude and the distance from the sound source

    loudness or volume

    Intensity is also known as the ________ or _________

    Decibels (dB)

    What is intensity measured in?

    120dB

    What is our threshold for pain? (in decibels)

    Pitch

    how high or low a sound is

    frequency

    Pitch depends on _______

    Hertz (Hz)

    Pitch is measured in ______

    HIGHER

    The higher the frequency, the (higher/lower) pitch?

    Ultrasound

    What device exhibits sound at frequencies above the range of human hearing (bats, dolphins)?

    20-20,00 Hz

    Most people hear frequencies between _______-_____Hz

    The Doppler Effect

    a change in pitch (frequency) caused by motion of the sound source, listener, or both

    higher; lower

    As the source of sound approaches, an observer hears a ________ pitch. When the sound source moves away, the observer hears a _____ pitch

    Sonic Boom

    when an airplane flies faster than the speed of sound, this creates a large amount of sound energy behind the plane and creates a "boom" after the place passes by

    750 mph

    What speed must the plane travel to reach sonic boom?

    Resonance

    when one object causes another object to vibrate at it's own natural frequency Example: tuning forks, singer breaks glass

    Forced Vibration

    when an object forces another object (that it is connected to) to vibrate. This produces a louder sound Example: tuning fork and hanger with styrofoam