victimology

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    What defines victimhood?

    It is shaped by recognition and power dynamics.

    How does the concept of 'ideal victim' affect recognition?

    It determines which victims are seen as legitimate.

    What is secondary victimisation?

    Harm that occurs through the justice system's processes.

    What are reporting barriers in the criminal justice system?

    Factors like trust and stigma that hinder victim reporting.

    How do structural inequalities impact victim recognition?

    They create disparities in who is acknowledged as a victim.

    What is the role of power in victimhood?

    It influences the recognition and legitimacy of victims.

    What happens when victims engage with the justice system?

    Their experiences can be worsened by procedural hurdles.

    What limits do victim-focused reforms face?

    They often do not address deeper structural inequalities.

    What is the recognition framework in victimology?

    It categorizes victims based on social judgment and acceptance.

    How does victimhood extend beyond crime?

    It includes broader experiences of harm and suffering.

    What defines victimhood according to Walklate?

    It is fluid, ambiguous, and contested.

    What does Strobl suggest about victim recognition?

    Recognition processes determine who counts as a victim.

    How does Christie define the 'ideal victim'?

    A victim who conforms to traits like weakness and innocence.

    What is the consequence of the 'ideal victim' stereotype?

    It creates a binary of good victims and bad offenders.

    What does Carrabine et al. say about victimhood?

    It operates as a hierarchy, privileging some over others.

    What is positivist victimology focused on?

    Identifying patterns and factors in victimisation.

    What concept did von Hentig introduce?

    Victim-proneness, suggesting some are 'born victims.'

    What critique is associated with positivist victimology?

    It can lead to victim-blaming and ignores power dynamics.

    What does Quinney argue about victimhood?

    It is socially constructed and politically defined.

    What focus does Kauzlarich et al. have in radical victimology?

    The harms caused by powerful entities.

    What does Walklate's critical victimology integrate?

    Power, agency, and structure in understanding victimhood.

    How does feminist victimology view victimisation?

    As gendered and socially produced.

    What does Jordan highlight about violence against women?

    It functions as a form of social control.

    What is 'trauma creep' according to Walklate?

    The central role of trauma in defining victimhood.

    How does Fassin interpret suffering in victimhood?

    Through increasingly psychological frameworks.

    What does Rock argue about victim advocacy?

    It shapes policy unevenly and is often politically fragmented.

    What is a major critique of the politicisation of victimhood?

    Victims are often instrumentalised for policy justification.

    What is your overarching 3 arguments ?

    1. victimhood is socially constructed 2. The criminal justice system produces secondary victimisation/harm 3. Structural limits of reform / inequality

    What is victimology?

    Core idea = no single definition --> contested and shaped by science, activism and policy Walklate (2023) describes it as "an interdisciplinary and sometimes contradictory field" Cressey (1985) as "a hodgepodge of ideas"

    Definition of victim?

    there is no clear definition - it is contested Oxford ED : "a person harmed, targeted or killed as a result of crime, accident or other event or action"

    Strobl 2010 (intro and argument 1) argues what?

    Recognition framework. Actual victim, non-victim, rejected victim, designated victim. Victimhood is not just harm - it is recognition which is NOT objective but shaped by social judgement.

    Reiman & Leighton (2010) for the Introduction - what do they say?

    crime as socially constructed system "weeds out the well to do" ie. links to power, inequality, selective victim recognition

    TAKEAWAY for the introduction?

    Victimhood is not a fixed legal category - it is a contested, socially constructed status - shaped by power, recognition, and institutional definitions.