SCIENCE FINAL PAGE 2

    Master this deck with 36 terms through effective study methods.

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    What defines the crust?

    It is the upper part of the lithosphere.

    What distinguishes the mantle from the crust?

    The mantle is hotter and has two layers.

    What are the two regions of the core?

    Outer core is liquid; inner core is solid.

    What causes tectonic plates to move?

    Convection currents in the mantle.

    What is convection?

    Movement due to temperature differences.

    Why are landforms unevenly distributed?

    Natural processes affect their formation.

    What is a key characteristic of Earth's resources?

    They are limited and not renewable.

    What can some natural disasters be predicted?

    Volcanoes and severe weather can be forecasted.

    How does weather differ from climate?

    Weather is short-term; climate is long-term.

    What powers the water cycle?

    The sun and gravity drive the cycle.

    What happens during evaporation?

    A liquid changes into a gas.

    What is condensation?

    Gas changes into a liquid.

    What is precipitation?

    Water falls when it becomes too heavy.

    What is the Coriolis effect?

    Apparent deflection in a rotating frame.

    What causes deep ocean currents?

    Density variations from temperature and salinity.

    How do oceans influence weather?

    They absorb and release solar energy.

    What is El Nino?

    Warming of the Pacific Ocean surface.

    What is La Nina?

    Cooling of the Pacific Ocean surface.

    What is the greenhouse effect?

    Trapping sunlight energy as thermal energy.

    What defines global climate change?

    Long-term changes in weather patterns.

    What is a day in planetary terms?

    One rotation on a planet's axis.

    What completes a year for a planet?

    One orbit around its star.

    What causes seasons?

    The tilt of a planet's axis relative to the Sun.

    What is an equinox?

    Equal distance of poles from the Sun.

    What happens during a solstice?

    One pole is most pointed towards the Sun.

    What is a moon?

    A rocky object orbiting a planet.

    How long does the moon take to orbit Earth?

    27.3 days for one complete orbit.

    What is the duration of a lunar cycle?

    29.5 days from new moon to new moon.

    What causes moon phases?

    Visibility of the illuminated side from Earth.

    What indicates a waxing moon?

    Lit side is on the right.

    What is a solar eclipse?

    Moon passes in front of the Sun.

    What is a lunar eclipse?

    Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon.

    What is the penumbra?

    The lighter outer part of an eclipse shadow.

    What is the umbra?

    The darker inner part of an eclipse shadow.

    What is an Astronomical Unit (AU)?

    Distance between Earth and the Sun.

    What are terrestrial planets?

    The first four planets made mostly of rock.


      SCIENCE FINAL PAGE 2 Study Notes | Cramd