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The desire for liberal constitutions and equal taxation.
A wealthy creole who fought for South American independence.
The unification of all South American countries.
Failure of liberalization and restoration of absolutism.
They seized the opportunity to fight for independence.
A secret society fighting against the established order.
It called for the abolition of serfdom and constitutional monarchy.
It led to the abdication of Charles X and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy.
The performance of an opera that incited public outrage.
Most revolutions were suppressed, leading to a return to absolutism.
To emphasize individualism and emotional expression.
A series of reforms aimed at modernization and Europeanization.
Prussia emerged as the dominant power in Germany.
It provoked France into declaring war on Prussia.
The unification of Germany and the proclamation of the German Empire.
Prioritizing state interests over ideological considerations.
A customs union that facilitated economic unity among German states.
The movement for Italian unification and independence.
A key figure in the Italian unification movement known for his military campaigns.
It led to the establishment of the Red Cross due to the humanitarian crisis.
It redrew the map of the Balkans and recognized the independence of several states.
To achieve independence and autonomy for various ethnic groups.