PDF Notes: Anaesthesia Revision Edition 8 (1)

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    What is the purpose of a Pre Anaesthesia check-up (PAC)?

    To assess past medical and personal history before surgery.

    How does hypertension affect anaesthesia management?

    Antihypertensives are continued, except ACE-I and ARBs due to hypotension risk.

    What should be done with diabetes medications on surgery day?

    Oral hypoglycemics and insulin are discontinued to prevent hypoglycemia.

    What is the risk of continuing SGLT-2 inhibitors before surgery?

    Increased risk of euglycemic ketoacidosis.

    Why should antiepileptics be continued until surgery?

    To prevent seizure triggers like hypoxia and acidosis.

    What is the implication of untreated hypothyroidism in surgery?

    It may cause delayed recovery due to decreased basal metabolic rate.

    What is the risk of stopping MAO inhibitors before surgery?

    Potential for hypertensive crisis when interacting with synthetic opioids.

    What should be done with oral contraceptives before surgery?

    Estrogen increases DVT risk; may be continued or stopped based on risk factors.

    What is the consequence of stopping anticoagulants before regional anaesthesia?

    Increased risk of bleeding and nerve compression.

    What are the clinical features of smoking-related complications in anaesthesia?

    Increased risk of bronchospasm and laryngospasm.

    What is the management for malignant hyperthermia?

    Administer 100% O2 and dantrolene sodium as the first step.

    What causes anaphylactic shock during anaesthesia?

    Histamine release from allergens like antibiotics and latex.

    What is the significance of Mallampati scoring?

    It predicts the difficulty of intubation based on visible structures.

    What does ASA grading assess?

    Functional capacity and overall health status of the patient.

    What is the minimum acceptable Hb before elective surgery?

    8 g/dL for healthy patients, higher for those with comorbid conditions.

    What is the role of echocardiography in pre-operative assessment?

    To evaluate heart function in patients with dyspnoea or known heart disease.

    What are the criteria for performing surgery after coronary stenting?

    Wait 1 month for bare metal stents and 6 months for drug-eluting stents.

    What is the purpose of pre-medications before surgery?

    To manage anxiety, nausea, and secretions during the procedure.

    What does capnography measure during anaesthesia?

    Exhaled CO2 levels to assess ventilation status.

    What is the significance of the Bispectral Index in anaesthesia?

    It monitors the depth of anaesthesia by analyzing EEG waveforms.

    What are the complications associated with central venous catheters?

    Arrhythmias and potential pulmonary capillary rupture.