PDF Notes: Radiology_ChestandAbdomen

What is radiography?

Produces images using ionizing radiation.

What are the advantages of chest radiography?

Inexpensive and portable.

What are the disadvantages of chest radiography?

Limited density range and ionizing radiation exposure.

What is the primary indication for chest radiography?

Chest pain and shortness of breath.

What does a CT scan use to create images?

X-ray images to build cross-sectional views.

How does CT differ from traditional X-ray?

CT provides detailed cross-sectional images.

What is atelectasis?

Loss of lung volume due to decreased aeration.

What causes atelectasis?

Bronchial obstruction or external compression.

What is a pleural effusion?

Fluid accumulation in the pleural space.

What are common causes of pleural effusion?

Heart failure and pneumonia.

What is pneumothorax?

Air in the pleural space causing lung collapse.

What is the deep sulcus sign?

Increased lucency of the costophrenic sulcus in supine position.

What is the silhouette sign?

Loss of margins between two objects of similar density.

What is the most common cause of lobar pneumonia?

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.

What is the imaging hallmark of primary tuberculosis?

Lobar consolidation with possible pleural effusion.

What is the characteristic appearance of achalasia on imaging?

Dilated esophagus with a bird-beak stricture.

What is the best initial test for suspected appendicitis?

Ultrasound in children and CT in adults.

What is the 3-6-9 rule in abdominal radiography?

Small bowel >3 cm, large bowel >6 cm, cecum >9 cm.

What is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction?

Adhesions from previous surgeries.

What is the imaging finding in gallstone ileus?

Pneumobilia and dilated small bowel.

What is the best initial test for nephrolithiasis?

Non-contrast CT scan.

What is emphysematous pyelonephritis?

Infection of the kidney with gas-forming organisms.

What is the classic imaging finding in Crohn's disease?

Wall thickening and inflammatory changes in the terminal ileum.

What is the lead pipe sign in ulcerative colitis?

Circumferential wall thickening of the colon.