PDF Notes: SINTESIS_DE_PROTEINAS 15-04-2026

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    What is the structure of DNA?

    Composed of a double helix with hydrogen bonds.

    What are the nucleotides in DNA?

    Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.

    What is a gene?

    The basic unit of heredity that codes for proteins.

    What is the role of RNA?

    Transmits genetic information from DNA to proteins.

    How does RNA differ from DNA?

    RNA contains ribose and uracil instead of thymine.

    What is a codon?

    A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.

    What happens during transcription?

    DNA is converted into messenger RNA (mRNA).

    What is the process of translation?

    mRNA is decoded to form a polypeptide chain.

    What are the stages of protein synthesis?

    Transcription, translation, and protein processing.

    What is the significance of the genetic code?

    It determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

    What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

    Forms the core of ribosome structure and function.

    What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

    Brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

    What is the primary structure of a protein?

    The linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.

    What is the secondary structure of a protein?

    Folding into alpha helices and beta sheets.

    What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

    The overall 3D shape formed by interactions between side chains.

    What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

    The assembly of multiple polypeptide chains into a functional unit.

    What is the effect of antibiotics on protein synthesis?

    They can inhibit bacterial ribosomes, blocking protein production.

    What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

    They bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis.

    How do beta-lactam antibiotics work?

    They inhibit cell wall synthesis in bacteria.

    What is the role of introns in mRNA processing?

    They are removed to produce mature mRNA.

    What happens if a codon is mutated?

    It can lead to a different amino acid being incorporated.