PDF Notes: Chapter 16_7c50f350c2d7e282505f852424850504

    Master this deck with 16 terms through effective study methods.

    Generated from uploaded pdf

    Created by @farraj

    What did Watson and Crick discover in 1953?

    The double-helix structure of DNA.

    What is transformation in genetics?

    A change in genotype and phenotype due to external DNA assimilation.

    How did Hershey and Chase demonstrate DNA as genetic material?

    By tracking which labeled component entered E. coli during phage infection.

    What are Chargaff's rules?

    Adenine equals thymine and guanine equals cytosine in DNA.

    What is the significance of the double helix structure?

    It suggests the mechanism of DNA replication.

    What is semiconservative replication?

    Each daughter DNA molecule contains one old and one new strand.

    What role do helicases play in DNA replication?

    They untwist the double helix and separate DNA strands.

    What is the function of DNA polymerase?

    To synthesize new DNA strands by adding nucleotides.

    What is the leading strand in DNA replication?

    The strand synthesized continuously towards the replication fork.

    What are Okazaki fragments?

    Short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand.

    How do DNA ligase and DNA polymerase I work together?

    Ligase joins Okazaki fragments while polymerase I replaces RNA primers with DNA.

    What is the role of proofreading in DNA replication?

    To correct mismatched nucleotides during synthesis.

    What happens to telomeres during DNA replication?

    They shorten with each cell division.

    What is the function of telomerase?

    To lengthen telomeres in germ cells.

    How do mutations affect evolution?

    They introduce variation that natural selection can act upon.

    What distinguishes prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

    Prokaryotes have circular DNA; eukaryotes have linear DNA with proteins.