1118675203

    Master this deck with 100 terms through effective study methods.

    Imported from Quizlet

    Created by @nicnicnicnic

    Acoustical Era

    No electricity, Captured through Horns, Direct to Disk, Limited Frequency Range.

    Modern Era

    Uses Electricity to power elements, Editing Capabilities, Overdubbing is Possible, Multitrack Recording, can be processed as much as you want

    How did technology play a role in these changes: Mics

    Replaced acoustic horns; captured more accurate and sensitive sound.

    How did technology play a role in these changes: Electrical Amplification

    Allowed quieter instruments to be heard; no need for physical balancing.

    How did technology play a role in these changes: Magnetic Tape

    Enabled editing, overdubbing, and multitracking

    How did technology play a role in these changes: Multitrack Recorders

    Allowed instruments/vocals to be recorded separately, then mixed later.

    How did technology play a role in these changes: Digital Audio

    Improved precision, flexibility, and storage. DAWs replaced analog tape.

    How did technology play a role in these changes: Plug-ins and Effects

    Infinite sound manipulation, automation, and recall.

    direct to cylinder/direct to disc recording

    Sound is dented into a wax cylinder with a stylus

    Stylus

    Etches the waves into a wax cylinder with a needle

    Flat Disc

    Where the grooves are etched

    How were musical parts balanced?

    By who was closest to the horn, where the musicians were positions, physical volume dynamics

    vacuum tube

    Controls electric flow in amplifiers

    Capacitor

    Stores and releases electric energy, stabilizes voltage, filters frequencies

    Transistor

    Used to amplify or switch electric signals, modern replacement for vacuum tubes.

    Rotary Potentiometer ("pot")

    A variable resistor to control signals, knob.

    Linear Fader

    A linear variable resistor, adjusts signals

    Ganged Faders

    Multiple faders linked together to control several audio channels

    Panoramic Potentiometer ("pan pot")

    Adjusts the stereo positioning of the sound coming out of the speaker.

    Moving Coil

    A coil moves within a magnetic field to convert sound into electric signals

    Microphone Preamplifier

    Boosts low level mic level signals and brings them to line level

    Bus/Buses

    Signal paths where multiple signals can be sent to outputs

    Channel Strip

    One input channel

    Channel/Microphone path

    The complete flow of signal from mic, to processing, to speakers

    Monitor Path

    Separate from main mix, used to send signal to the headphones or monitors for the performers

    Talkback Microphone

    Mic that only goes through the monitor path, used by the engineers to speak to the performers.

    Communication Microphone/Com Mic/Musician Talkback

    Same as talkback, just musician to engineer.

    Patch Bay

    Panel that you can have flexible routing in a more confined and organized space

    Normalled Connections

    Pre-configured patch bay connections that are internally linked unless physically disconnected by inserting a patch cable. It's already made for you.

    Fully Normaled

    Works either way

    Half normalled

    Only works one way, keeps the connection but splits off

    Mic Input Panel

    Fixed panel for mic inputs

    Loudspeaker/Monitor/Headphones

    Convert electric signal into audible sound

    External Microphone Preamplifier

    A preamp outside the mixer

    External Channel Strip

    A rack unit combining preamp, EQ, and dynamics processing that can be connected externally to a mixing console or recording setup.

    Equalizer

    Adjusts frequency balance, you can manipulate what signals are amplified or muted

    Compressor

    Makes loud sounds quieter, and quiet sounds louder,

    Limiter

    A type of compressor that limits the signal from exceeding a set level, so that you can avoid distortion

    Expander/Noise Gate

    increase the dynamic range by reducing or muting signals that go above a certain threshold

    Delay

    Repeats audio signal after short time

    Chorus

    Combines delay sounds slightly altered in pitch to make a fuller effect

    Flange

    Similar to chorus, but uses a shorter delay time

    Reverb Plate

    Uses a metal plate vibrating

    Reverb Chamber

    Uses a physical room or chamber

    Spring Reverb

    Uses springs, common for guitar amps

    Digital Reverb

    Uses algorithms to mimic different spaces

    Tape Delay

    Uses magnetic tape

    Digital Delay

    Uses digital memory

    Digital Audio Workstation; DAW

    Software-based system for recording, editing, mixing, and producing audio entirely on a computer, without external hardware processing.

    Live-to-2

    Recording all the instruments, the entire performance, onto a stereo mix, 2 tracks (LR).

    Sound on Sound

    Recording more takes onto the same tracks. Destructive

    Basic Tracks (Tracking) Session

    The initial recording session, laying the foundation for the sound

    Isolation Booths

    Small acoustically treated rooms made to isolate the sound to get minimal bleed and get a clean sound

    Baffles/Go-Bos

    Portable acoustic panels or barriers placed between instruments or microphones to reduce sound bleed and control reflections during recording sessions.

    Overdub Session

    Recording more parts to add into the song

    Selective Synchronization (Sel-Sync)

    Allows you and the performer to listen to the previously recorded sound, while recording the new parts

    Mix Session

    The final step. All parts have been recorded, now you are just balancing levels, adding effects, processing the audio, finalizing the mix.

    Phantom image

    Your perceived position of sound in the landscape.

    Diaphragm

    The thin, flexible membrane inside a microphone that vibrates in response to sound waves, converting acoustic energy into electrical signals.

    Dynamic Moving Coil: Electromagnetic induction

    The diaphragm is attached to a coil of wire suspended in a magnetic field. When the diaphragm vibrates, the coil moves, inducing an electrical current proportional to the sound.

    Dynamic Moving Coil: Sensitivity

    Typically lower than condensers, needs more gain

    Dynamic Moving Coil: Roll-off

    Less sensitivity at very high frequencies

    Dynamic Moving Coil: Sibilant/Sibilance

    Harsh S sounds

    Dynamic Moving Coil: Sonic Characteristics

    Good for loud sources, has a warm sound

    Dynamic Ribbon

    A microphone using a thin aluminum ribbon suspended between magnets that generates an electrical signal by movement of the ribbon in the magnetic field

    Dynamic Ribbon: Phantom power

    Not required, would damage the mic

    Dynamic Ribbon: Active vs passive

    Passive needs no extra power, active has a built in power source

    Dynamic Ribbon: Sonic Characteristics

    Smooth, natural, warm, used for vocals a lot

    Condenser/Capacitor

    Uses a capacitor (condenser) element: a diaphragm and a back plate form a capacitor whose capacitance changes with sound vibrations, converting acoustic energy into electrical signals.

    Condenser/Capacitor: Phantom Power (+48VDC)

    Requires it to operate

    Condenser/Capacitor: Capacitor

    Diaphragm and back plate

    Condenser/Capacitor: Back Plate

    Fixed plate opposite the capacitor

    Condenser/Capacitor: Capacitance

    Changes in distance between the back plate and the diaphragm cause voltage variations

    Condenser/Capacitor: Tube Condenser (no +48VDC needed)

    Uses vacuum tubes

    Condenser/Capacitor: Sensitivity

    Most sensitive mics

    Condenser/Capacitor: Transient, Pad

    Has good responses to fast sounds

    Frequency Response

    Sensitivity in different regions depending on the polar pattern

    Omnidirectional

    Picks up sound equally from all directions

    Unidirectional (cardioid, supercardioid, hypercardioid)

    Heart shaped

    Bidirectional/Figure of 8

    Front and back equally

    Polar Pattern Charts

    Angle of incidence: Graph of microphone sensitivity at different angles relative to the front of the mic, showing how off-axis sounds are captured or rejected

    Reverberations (Room Reflections)

    Sound waves bouncing off surfaces, lets us know relative size

    Off-Axis Coloration, Proximity Effect

    The tonal quality of the sound changes depending on the angle you stand at

    Pickup

    Electromagnetic or piezo: uses magnets or coils to capture the signal

    Direct Injection (DI) Box - What is the Purpose?

    To convert signals into low level, balanced signals that can be mixed. Takes it to mic level

    Microphone Preamplifier (Mic Preamp)

    Takes the signal to line level

    Microphone Output

    Around 1mV

    Line Level

    Around 1V, +4dBu, 1.23 V, -10dBV , .316V (316 mV)

    External Mic Preamp - What is the Purpose?

    Higher quality gain

    mic preamp consists of:

    Mic Input: Connects the microphone. Trim/Level Control: Adjusts the gain (amplification amount). +48V Phantom Power Circuit: Supplies power for condenser microphones. High-Pass Filter (HPF): Cuts low-frequency rumble or noise. Pad: Attenuates (reduces) incoming signal strength to prevent distortion.

    Track of a Multitrack Recorder or DAW

    Single layer of sound. Can be individually processed and edited

    Audio Processors

    Alters signal characteristics

    Effects

    Alters space and used creatively

    Amplifier

    Power amplifier (used for speakers or headphones): increases line level up to speaker level

    Slew Rate

    The speed it reacts to abrupt signal changes

    Monitors/Loudspeakers: 2-way

    Have two drivers - typically a woofer (for low/mid frequencies) and a tweeter (for high frequencies)

    Monitors/Loudspeakers: 3-way

    Add a midrange driver, allowing better frequency division and clarity.

    Monitors/Loudspeakers: Tweeter

    High frequencies

    Monitors/Loudspeakers: Woofer

    Bass frequencies

    Monitors/Loudspeakers: Port

    Opening in a speaker cabinet to help the bass