PDF Notes: chpt 24 anatomy

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    What are the two subdivisions of the digestive system?

    Digestive tract and accessory organs.

    What is the length of the digestive tract?

    Approximately 30 feet long.

    What structures are included in the digestive tract?

    Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.

    What is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    It includes the stomach and intestines.

    What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

    Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas.

    What are the layers of the digestive tract wall?

    Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa.

    What is the function of the mucosa?

    Lines the lumen and enhances digestion efficiency.

    What types of epithelium are found in the mucosa?

    Simple columnar and stratified squamous.

    What is the role of the muscularis mucosae?

    Tenses mucosa to create grooves for better food contact.

    What does the submucosa contain?

    Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerve plexus, mucus-secreting glands.

    What is the muscularis externa responsible for?

    Propelling food through the digestive tract.

    How does the inner circular layer of muscularis externa function?

    Encircles the tract and forms valves to regulate passage.

    What is the serosa?

    A thin layer of areolar tissue and simple squamous mesothelium.

    What is the adventitia?

    Fibrous connective tissue binding organs without serosa.

    What is the enteric plexus?

    A nervous network regulating digestive tract functions.

    How does the enteric plexus interact with the central nervous system?

    Functions independently but is influenced by the CNS.

    What are the two networks of neurons in the enteric plexus?

    Submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus.

    What does the submucosal plexus control?

    Glandular secretions and movements of muscularis mucosae.

    What does the myenteric plexus regulate?

    Peristalsis and contractions of muscularis externa.