PDF Notes: كتاب تمريض أطفال نظري 2025-2026 -17-113 (1)

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    Define growth in human development.

    Natural increase in physical size due to cell multiplication.

    What distinguishes maturation from growth?

    Maturation involves sequential biological changes leading to new abilities.

    What is development in the context of human growth?

    Progressive increase in skills and social relations involving qualitative change.

    How does growth differ from development?

    Growth is quantitative, while development is qualitative.

    List types of growth.

    Physical, physiological, motor, mental, social, emotional.

    Why is understanding growth and development important for nurses?

    It helps assess children's needs and guide their behavior.

    What are the principles of development?

    Development is continuous, predictable, and influenced by maturation and learning.

    Describe the cephalocaudal pattern of development.

    Development progresses from head to tail.

    What characterizes the prenatal period of development?

    Rapid changes from a single cell to a human body.

    What factors influence growth and development?

    Genetic, environmental, nutritional, and psychological factors.

    What is the neonatal period?

    The first 29 days of life after birth.

    What are common newborn screening tests?

    Hearing, blood tests, and oxygen screening.

    What is the average weight range for a term neonate?

    2.700 to 3.850 kg.

    How does a newborn's temperature change after birth?

    It drops initially and rises to normal within 8 hours.

    What is lanugo in newborns?

    Fine hair covering the body that disappears in the first weeks of life.

    What is vernix caseosa?

    A protective substance covering the newborn's skin that aids immunity.

    What happens to a newborn's weight in the first few days?

    They typically lose 5 to 10% of their birth weight.

    What is desquamation in newborns?

    Peeling of skin occurring in the first 2 to 4 weeks of life.