History T1 2026

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    What was Kristallnacht?

    A violent anti-Jewish riot in Nazi Germany.

    What triggered Kristallnacht?

    The assassination of diplomat Ernst vom Rath.

    How did Nazi leaders respond to the assassination?

    They staged violent reprisals as spontaneous demonstrations.

    What was the impact on Jewish businesses after Kristallnacht?

    Jewish businesses could only reopen under non-Jewish management.

    What was the consequence for Jewish males during Kristallnacht?

    About 30,000 were arrested and sent to concentration camps.

    Why did police and firefighters not intervene during Kristallnacht?

    They were ordered to let destruction occur and arrest Jewish men.

    What was the atonement payment imposed on Jews after Kristallnacht?

    A 1 billion Reichsmark payment was mandated.

    How did Kristallnacht represent an escalation in Nazi policies?

    It marked a shift from legal discrimination to physical violence.

    What was the international response to Kristallnacht?

    President Roosevelt denounced the violence but immigration restrictions remained.

    What was the effect on Jewish emigration following Kristallnacht?

    Over 115,000 Jews fled Germany in the following ten months.