Master this deck with 35 terms through effective study methods.
Imported from Quizlet
1. Differential Association 2. Definitions 3. Differential Reinforcement 4. Imitation
Refers to the social group to which someone belongs, the basis for other three elements of social learning
Refers to someones attitude toward a crime influenced by social network, categorized as general or specific
Refers to when someone does something and is rewarded resulting in them continuing the action
Refers to how someone models others
We learn criminal behavior the same way we learn everything else in life, learn how and what is morally acceptable. Also, the more criminal behavior is reinforced, the more you are to recommit the criminal behavior.
The internet replaces physical peer pressure with algorithms and anonymity, making it easier to find, imitate, and justify behaviors through instant digital rewards
1. Differential Association: Shifts from physical proximity to algorithmic and borderless networks 2. Definitions: Anonymity encourages neutralization (justifying behavior) and exposure to niche/deviant norms 3. Differential Reinforcement: Social cues are replaced by quantified, instant rewards (likes, shares, and views) 4. Imitation: Models shift from real-life peers to curated, artificial digital personas and influencers
This process occurs through digital platforms rather than face-to-face, where anonymous or distant online groups become the primary source for learning behaviors and justifications
The selection of content or created by an organization in which an individual is exposed
The different norms, values, and beliefs did not come about in response to the broader culture
The reason this group has different norms, values, and beliefs is a response to the mainstream culture
Delinquency is most common among lower-class boys and takes form in gang delinquency, describing the behavior as non utilitarian, malicious, and negativistic
They formed because children seek social status and lower-class children have less access to means
The feeling that is experienced when someone can't meet standards, leading them to reject the values and substituting them with something they can obtain
This is an oppositional subculture, rejecting the main culture and creating their "own culture"
Delinquency is not a reaction against middle-class values but rather results of effort to conform to lower-class values
1. Trouble: commitment to law-violating behavior or being a problem to other people 2. Toughness: Machismo; being brave, fearless, and daring 3. Smartness: Being cunning, living by one's wits, deceiving and conning others 4. Excitement: living for thrills, taking risk, doing dangerous things 5. Fate: fortune and luck 6. Autonomy: independence - not relying on others, rejecting authority
This was an independent subculture
1. Long-term joblessness because of exodus of blue collar jobs 2. Flight of middle and upper class families
1. Institutional Collapse: Schools, churches, and businesses crumble, weakening community support. 2. Economic Isolation: Residents are cut off from job networks, leading to a loss of the "social meaning" of work. 3. Normalization of Deviance: Welfare and crime become viewed as viable, necessary survival strategies. 4. Educational Cynicism: The perceived link between education and legitimate employment is broken.
A cultural adaptation to structural barriers where interpersonal violence is a constant threat. It emerges where the influence of the police ends and personal responsibility for safety begins
These include a lack of jobs, limited basic services, the stigma of race, neighborhood drug trafficking, and a lack of faith in the police and legal system
Occurs when "decent" people act "street" to avoid being victimized by those who follow the street code
Deeply alienated and embittered, these families reject middle-class values and social conventions, instead socializing their children into a code of "toughness" and deep-seated distrust of others.
These families reject the street mentality by typically ignoring or deferring to street-oriented individuals, though they will "get ignorant" or code switch when necessary to navigate and survive dangerous environments.
It disagrees with the idea that there is a consensus between people on what is legal and illegal
When people commit actions against the law, they're labeled as criminals which leads to more crime being committed
1. Collective Rule Making: powerful group has a collective agreement that deems something as deviant 2. Organizational Processing: the powerful group makes rules and then they punish and label them, the people labeled normally come from less power because they cannot fight the ruling 3. Reaction to the Reaction: the ones labeled react to the labeler; seeing themselves as criminals, associating with other labeled people, their label following them even after punishment preventing rejoining their previous group
Focused on the societal reaction as the cause of chronic deviance
Initial acts that do not affect an individual's self-concept or social roles
Deviance that results from the "labeling" process, where the individual internalizes the deviant identity and acts accordingly
Deviance is socially constructed by "moral entrepreneurs," where labeling an individual creates a Master Status that triggers a long-term deviant career.
No. According to Becker, deviance and criminals do not exist until a rule is created and applied
The process to the labeling of mental illness 1. Belief that people devalue and discriminate against mental patients 2. Official labeling by treatment agencies 3. Secrecy, withdrawal, or education - the three ways to manage 4. Negative Consequences 5. Vulnerability for repeat instances of mental illness