PDF Notes: PR 202612-

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    What distinguishes public relations from advertising?

    PR involves evolving messages and indirect communication, while advertising uses fixed messages directly paid for.

    Why is public relations important?

    It shapes public perception and manages communication between organizations and their audiences.

    Who were the first public relations practitioners?

    Press agents in the early 19th century who advanced clients' images through media exposure.

    What role did P.T. Barnum play in public relations?

    He used exaggeration and staged events to gain media coverage for clients.

    How did Buffalo Bill contribute to public relations?

    He used various media channels to shape myths about American individualism and the West.

    What was the significance of the 1896 McKinley campaign?

    It marked the first major use of press agents to shape political image through coordinated media.

    What was Ivy Lee's contribution to public relations?

    He emphasized the importance of public sentiment and opened one of the first PR firms.

    How did Edward Bernays influence public relations?

    He applied psychology to PR and promoted the concept of 'engineering consent.'

    What was the impact of the Tylenol crisis in 1982?

    Johnson & Johnson's response set a standard for crisis communication and consumer trust.

    How did Martin Luther King Jr. utilize public relations?

    He framed the Civil Rights Movement as a moral struggle, using media to amplify his message.

    What are the two main approaches in the PR industry?

    Independent agencies provide PR services, while in-house staffs handle routine tasks.

    What is astroturf lobbying?

    Phony grassroots campaigns engineered by PR firms to create a false appearance of public support.

    What are the principles of effective crisis communication?

    Be first, be right, be credible, express empathy, promote action, and show respect.

    What tensions exist between public relations and the press?

    PR is often seen as undermining facts, while journalists rely on PR for story ideas.

    What is greenwashing in public relations?

    Misleading claims about environmental practices that violate FTC guidelines.