PDF Notes: Vascular-Peripheral-Venous-Access-for-IV-therapy-2026

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    What are the layers of the skin?

    Includes epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.

    What is the function of the epidermis?

    Protects against pathogens and produces pigment.

    How does the dermis differ from the epidermis?

    Contains blood vessels, nerves, and glands.

    What are the main functions of the skin?

    Protection, sensation, waste excretion, vitamin D production, temperature regulation.

    What do mechanoreceptors sense?

    They detect touch and pressure.

    What is the role of the vascular system?

    Transports blood and lymph throughout the body.

    How do arteries differ from veins?

    Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood to the heart.

    What is the function of capillaries?

    Facilitate exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and tissues.

    What are the histologic layers of blood vessels?

    Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa/adventitia.

    What are the major types of veins in the arm?

    Digital, metacarpal, cephalic, and basilic veins.

    Where are the basilic and cephalic veins located?

    Basilic runs along the ulnar side; cephalic runs along the radial side.

    What is the preferred site for venipuncture in adults?

    The metacarpal veins are often the best choice.

    What is the significance of the proximal tibia for IV access?

    Used for unresponsive patients when other sites are inaccessible.

    What should be done before inserting a needle set?

    Locate landmarks and clean the site.

    What is the purpose of using lidocaine in IV therapy?

    To minimize pain during the procedure.