PDF Notes: Robbins y Cotran Patologia Estructural y Funcional 10a Edicion b1_removed (8)

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    What is necrosis?

    A pathological process resulting from severe injury leading to cell destruction.

    What characterizes apoptosis?

    A regulated cell death process that avoids inflammation.

    How does necrosis differ from apoptosis?

    Necrosis is uncontrolled and causes inflammation, while apoptosis is controlled and does not.

    What causes necrosis?

    Lack of oxygen, toxins, burns, and severe physical damage.

    What is a key feature of necrosis?

    Cell membrane rupture and release of cellular contents.

    What happens during apoptosis?

    Cells activate enzymes to degrade their own DNA and proteins.

    What is the consequence of mitochondrial damage?

    Decreased ATP production leading to cell death.

    What is the role of DAMPs in necrosis?

    They signal inflammation and tissue damage to the immune system.

    What is the significance of troponin in myocardial necrosis?

    It serves as a biomarker for heart muscle damage.

    What is the appearance of necrotic cells under a microscope?

    Increased eosinophilia and loss of normal structure.

    What triggers apoptosis in pathological conditions?

    DNA damage and accumulation of misfolded proteins.

    What is the effect of excessive calcium in cells?

    Activation of harmful enzymes leading to cell injury.

    What is the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell injury?

    They cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA.

    What defines the point of no return in cell injury?

    Irreversible mitochondrial dysfunction and severe membrane damage.

    What is the morphological feature of coagulative necrosis?

    Preservation of tissue architecture despite cell death.

    What is liquefactive necrosis?

    Transformation of tissue into a viscous liquid due to cell digestion.

    What is caseous necrosis associated with?

    Tuberculosis infections leading to cheese-like necrotic tissue.

    What is the primary cause of fat necrosis?

    Release of pancreatic lipases leading to fat destruction.

    What is the significance of the endoplasmic reticulum in cell stress?

    It manages protein folding; stress leads to apoptosis if overwhelmed.

    What is the role of chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum?

    They assist in proper protein folding and prevent misfolding.

    What happens during the process of autophagy?

    Cells degrade their own components to survive nutrient deprivation.