history grade 11 unit 4

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    What caused the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

    Political division and invasions led to its collapse.

    How did the Eastern Roman Empire survive longer than the Western Roman Empire?

    It had better defenses, wealth, and population.

    Who was Empress Theodora?

    Justinian's wife and co-ruler who influenced government.

    What was the Justinian Code?

    A collection of Roman laws that influenced future legal systems.

    What was the significance of the Hagia Sophia?

    It was the largest Christian church in the Byzantine Empire.

    What characterized the feudal system in medieval Europe?

    A hierarchy of lords and vassals based on land ownership.

    How did serfdom differ in Eastern and Western Europe?

    It was harsher and lasted longer in Eastern Europe.

    What was the role of knights in the feudal system?

    They provided military service in exchange for land.

    What was chivalry?

    A code of conduct for knights emphasizing bravery and loyalty.

    How did the church influence medieval society?

    It provided government services and was a major landholder.

    What led to the decline of the manorial system?

    The revival of trade and towns shifted the economy.

    What were guilds in medieval towns?

    Associations of artisans and merchants regulating trades.

    What architectural styles were prominent in medieval cathedrals?

    Romanesque and Gothic styles characterized church buildings.

    What was the purpose of the Crusades?

    To recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control.

    What was the outcome of the first Crusade?

    Crusaders captured Jerusalem but failed to maintain control.

    How did the Crusades impact European trade?

    They increased trade and led to a money economy.

    What was the significance of Marco Polo's travels?

    They revived European interest in trade with the East.