PDF Notes: Cell_Grade 9

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    What defines a cell?

    Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.

    How do cells multiply?

    Cells divide to form new cells, allowing growth and repair.

    What is the function of the cell membrane?

    It protects the cell and regulates substance movement.

    What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus.

    What happens during osmosis?

    Water moves across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.

    What role do ribosomes play in a cell?

    They are the sites of protein synthesis.

    What is the purpose of the Golgi apparatus?

    It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport.

    How do mitochondria function?

    They produce energy through cellular respiration.

    What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

    They conduct photosynthesis to produce food.

    What is the significance of the cell wall in plant cells?

    It provides rigidity and structural support.

    What is the cell theory?

    All living organisms are made of cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

    What occurs during mitosis?

    It produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

    What is meiosis?

    A type of cell division that produces gametes with half the chromosome number.

    What happens if cells do not die when they should?

    It can lead to uncontrolled growth, such as tumors.

    What is the function of lysosomes?

    They break down waste materials and damaged organelles.

    How do vacuoles support plant cells?

    They store water and maintain turgor pressure.

    What is the fluid-mosaic model?

    It describes the structure of the cell membrane as a flexible layer of lipids with embedded proteins.

    What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    It synthesizes and transports proteins and lipids.

    How do cells communicate with their environment?

    Through the cell membrane, allowing substance exchange.

    What is programmed cell death?

    A controlled process of cell elimination essential for development.