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Organisms of the same species in a specific area and time.
Includes multiple species in the same area at the same time.
Interactions between organisms and their environment in a specific area.
Provides food, shelter, and breeding areas for organisms.
Convert sunlight into organic nutrients through photosynthesis.
Obtain energy by feeding on other organisms.
Breaks down dead organic material to recycle nutrients.
Sequence of energy transfer from producers to various consumers.
Energy loss limits the number of levels that can be supported.
A network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.
Nutrients are returned to the soil and dead material is broken down.
Movement of carbon through photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition.
Reduces photosynthesis, increasing CO2 in the atmosphere.
Overgrowth of algae due to nutrient runoff, leading to oxygen depletion.
Loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecosystems.
Growing a single crop variety over a large area, reducing biodiversity.
Enhances desirable traits in crops and livestock but reduces genetic diversity.
Climate change, wars, and unequal food distribution.
Sustainable management of resources to prevent depletion.
Breeding endangered species in controlled environments for reintroduction.
Maintains biodiversity and ensures a sustainable food source.
Process of nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification in ecosystems.