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    Master this deck with 21 terms through effective study methods.

    Generated from uploaded pptx

    Created by @anniegilbert

    What is translation?

    The process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

    What is transcription?

    The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.

    What is an amino acid?

    Building blocks of proteins.

    What defines a codon?

    A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.

    How does the ribosome recognize mRNA?

    The 5' cap of eukaryotic mRNA is crucial for recognition.

    What happens during translation elongation?

    Amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain.

    What is the role of tRNA?

    Transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome.

    What is the significance of the start codon?

    It signals the beginning of translation.

    What does the A site of the ribosome do?

    It holds the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA.

    What is the function of the release factor?

    Promotes termination of translation at stop codons.

    What is a polyribosome?

    A complex of multiple ribosomes translating the same mRNA.

    How do prokaryotes differ in translation?

    They can transcribe and translate simultaneously.

    What is posttranslational modification?

    Changes to a protein after it has been synthesized.

    What is a zymogen?

    An inactive precursor of an enzyme.

    What does the poly-A tail do?

    It stabilizes mRNA and aids in translation initiation.

    What is wobble in codons?

    The third base can vary while still coding for the same amino acid.

    What is the direction of peptide synthesis?

    From the amino (N-terminus) to the carboxylic acid (C-terminus).

    What is the role of GTP in translation?

    Provides energy for various steps in the translation process.

    What happens when a stop codon is reached?

    Translation terminates and the ribosome disassembles.

    What is the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR)?

    The region of mRNA before the start codon.

    What is the function of the large ribosomal subunit?

    Catalyzes peptide bond formation between amino acids.