Master this deck with 35 terms through effective study methods.
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Atoms are mostly empty space with a dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons.
Ions are charged due to an imbalance between protons and electrons.
Most alpha particles passed through, some deflected slightly, and very few bounced back.
The nucleus is dense and positively charged, repelling alpha particles.
The nucleus is 100,000 times smaller than the atom.
Protons have a charge of +1 and a relative mass of 1.
Fission splits a heavy nucleus, producing smaller nuclei, neutrons, and energy.
Fusion combines light nuclei and produces more energy than fission.
It shows that a small mass loss can release a large amount of energy.
It is low-level radiation present from natural and artificial sources.
Natural sources include radon gas, rocks, and cosmic rays; artificial sources include medical uses.
Using a Geiger-Muller tube to count detected radiation.
Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are emitted spontaneously.
They are helium nuclei with a charge of +2 and large mass.
They have low penetration and can be stopped by paper.
Alpha particles have very high ionizing power due to their mass and charge.
They are deflected by electric and magnetic fields towards negative plates.
Fast-moving electrons with a charge of -1 and very small mass.
They can penetrate a few millimeters of aluminum.
Beta particles have moderate ionizing power.
They are deflected towards positive plates in electric and magnetic fields.
Gamma radiation is an electromagnetic wave with no mass or charge.
It has very high penetration and requires thick lead or concrete to stop.
Gamma radiation has low ionizing power due to weak interaction with atoms.
It is not deflected by electric or magnetic fields.
Alpha is a helium nucleus, beta is an electron, and gamma is an electromagnetic wave.
It occurs when an unstable nucleus emits radiation due to excess neutrons.
Alpha decay emits helium, beta decay converts neutrons to protons, and gamma emission releases energy.
The ratio of protons to neutrons affects the stability of a nucleus.
The time required for half of a radioactive substance to decay.
Radiation is used in smoke alarms, food irradiation, sterilization, and cancer treatment.
Ionizing radiation can damage cells and cause mutations leading to cancer.
Reduce exposure time, increase distance, and use appropriate shielding.
It is the emission of radiation from an unstable nucleus.
Count Rate = Initial count rate / 2^n, where n is the number of half-lives.