PDF Notes: NCERT-Class-10-History

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    What did Frédéric Sorrieu visualize in his 1848 prints?

    A world of democratic and social Republics.

    How does Sorrieu's print depict the concept of Liberty?

    As a female figure holding the torch of Enlightenment and the Charter of Rights.

    What does the term 'absolutist' refer to?

    A government with no restraints on power.

    What is a key characteristic of a nation-state?

    Citizens share a common identity and history.

    What did Ernst Renan argue about the formation of a nation?

    It is based on shared past sacrifices and collective will.

    What was the significance of the French Revolution in nationalism?

    It transferred sovereignty from monarchy to citizens.

    What did the French revolutionaries aim to create?

    A sense of collective identity among the French people.

    What was the impact of Napoleon's administrative reforms?

    They introduced rational governance but did not ensure political freedom.

    What was the zollverein?

    A customs union that facilitated economic unity among German states.

    What did liberalism advocate in the context of nationalism?

    Individual freedom and equality before the law.

    How did the Congress of Vienna aim to reshape Europe?

    By restoring monarchies and creating a conservative order.

    What was the role of secret societies after 1815?

    To train revolutionaries and spread liberal-nationalist ideas.

    Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?

    An Italian revolutionary advocating for national unification.

    What did Mazzini believe about nations?

    They are the natural units of mankind and should be unified.