PDF Notes: BLG 111 Lec 7 Urinary system posted 2026 (1)

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    What is the primary function of the kidneys?

    They regulate water volume and solute concentration.

    How do kidneys contribute to acid-base balance?

    They ensure long-term acid-base balance in the body.

    What do kidneys excrete?

    Metabolic wastes, toxins, and drugs.

    What hormone do kidneys produce that regulates RBC production?

    Erythropoietin.

    What is the role of renin produced by the kidneys?

    It regulates blood pressure.

    What happens to vitamin D in the kidneys?

    It gets activated.

    What is the function of ureters in the urinary system?

    They transport urine from kidneys to the bladder.

    What is the role of the urinary bladder?

    It serves as a temporary storage reservoir for urine.

    What distinguishes the right kidney from the left?

    The right kidney is lower due to the liver's position.

    What are the three distinct regions of the internal kidney?

    Renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal pelvis.

    What is the structure of the renal medulla?

    It contains cone-shaped medullary pyramids.

    What are renal columns?

    Inward extensions of cortical tissue separating renal pyramids.

    What is the pathway of urine flow in the kidney?

    From renal pyramid to minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, and ureter.

    What are minor calyces?

    Cup-shaped areas collecting urine from pyramidal papillae.

    What do major calyces do?

    They collect urine from minor calyces and empty it into the renal pelvis.