Bio study

    Master this deck with 27 terms through effective study methods.

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    Created by @tuckeriso

    What is asexual reproduction?

    Involves one parent producing genetically identical offspring.

    What is sexual reproduction?

    Involves two parents producing genetically unique offspring.

    What is the main cell process used in asexual reproduction?

    Mitosis is the key process.

    What is the main cell process used in sexual reproduction?

    Meiosis, followed by fertilization, is essential.

    What is binary fission?

    A single cell divides into two identical cells.

    What is budding?

    A new organism develops from the parent and detaches.

    What is fragmentation?

    The parent breaks into pieces, each forming a new organism.

    What is one benefit of asexual reproduction?

    It allows rapid reproduction without a mate.

    What is one drawback of asexual reproduction?

    Lacks genetic variation among offspring.

    What is one benefit of sexual reproduction?

    Generates genetic variation, enhancing survival.

    What is one drawback of sexual reproduction?

    It is slower and requires mate selection.

    How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?

    Four genetically different cells are formed.

    What happens in Prophase I?

    Chromosomes condense and undergo crossing over.

    What is crossing over?

    DNA exchange occurs between homologous chromosomes.

    What happens in Metaphase I?

    Chromosome pairs align randomly at the cell's center.

    What happens in Anaphase I?

    Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart.

    What happens in Meiosis II?

    Sister chromatids separate, resulting in haploid cells.

    How does meiosis create genetic variation?

    Through crossing over and independent assortment.

    What is independent assortment?

    Chromosomes are randomly arranged during Metaphase I.

    Why does sexual reproduction create more variation than asexual reproduction?

    It combines DNA from two different parents.

    What is the purpose of mitosis?

    Facilitates growth and tissue repair.

    What is the purpose of meiosis?

    Produces gametes for sexual reproduction.

    How many divisions occur in mitosis vs meiosis?

    Mitosis has 1 division; meiosis has 2.

    How many cells are produced in mitosis vs meiosis?

    Mitosis yields 2 identical cells; meiosis yields 4 different cells.

    What are the things in meiosis II

    Prophase II Chromosomes condense again Metaphase II Chromosomes line up in center Anaphase II Sister chromatids separate Telophase II + Cytokinesis 4 genetically different haploid cells formed

    Meiosis I

    Prophase I Chromosomes condense Crossing over happens (DNA exchange → variation!) Metaphase I Chromosome pairs line up in the middle Anaphase I Homologous chromosomes separate Telophase I + Cytokinesis Two cells form (haploid, but still duplicated chromosomes)

    Random Fertilization

    Any sperm can fertilize any egg Millions of combinations possible