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Involves one parent producing genetically identical offspring.
Involves two parents producing genetically unique offspring.
Mitosis is the key process.
Meiosis, followed by fertilization, is essential.
A single cell divides into two identical cells.
A new organism develops from the parent and detaches.
The parent breaks into pieces, each forming a new organism.
It allows rapid reproduction without a mate.
Lacks genetic variation among offspring.
Generates genetic variation, enhancing survival.
It is slower and requires mate selection.
Four genetically different cells are formed.
Chromosomes condense and undergo crossing over.
DNA exchange occurs between homologous chromosomes.
Chromosome pairs align randomly at the cell's center.
Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart.
Sister chromatids separate, resulting in haploid cells.
Through crossing over and independent assortment.
Chromosomes are randomly arranged during Metaphase I.
It combines DNA from two different parents.
Facilitates growth and tissue repair.
Produces gametes for sexual reproduction.
Mitosis has 1 division; meiosis has 2.
Mitosis yields 2 identical cells; meiosis yields 4 different cells.
Prophase II Chromosomes condense again Metaphase II Chromosomes line up in center Anaphase II Sister chromatids separate Telophase II + Cytokinesis 4 genetically different haploid cells formed
Prophase I Chromosomes condense Crossing over happens (DNA exchange → variation!) Metaphase I Chromosome pairs line up in the middle Anaphase I Homologous chromosomes separate Telophase I + Cytokinesis Two cells form (haploid, but still duplicated chromosomes)
Any sperm can fertilize any egg Millions of combinations possible