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What are the three basic kinds of prescriptive moral theories?

Teleological, deontological, and virtue-based theories.

What does normative ethics aim to guide?

Decision-making about actions in specific situations.

How do teleological theories evaluate actions?

Based on the outcomes or consequences of those actions.

What distinguishes deontological theories from teleological theories?

Deontological theories focus on the morality of actions themselves, not just their outcomes.

What is the main principle of ethical egoism?

One should act in their own self-interest.

What does psychological egoism claim about human nature?

Humans always seek their own advantage or welfare.

What is the ethical implication of altruism according to ethical egoism?

Altruistic acts are not morally obligatory.

What is the ultimate end of utilitarianism?

The greatest happiness for the greatest number.

What happens if an action produces a harmful result in teleological ethics?

It is judged as morally wrong regardless of intentions.

What is a key criticism of ethical egoism?

It overlooks the moral importance of others' welfare.

How do teleologists view the relationship between moral and nonmoral values?

Moral values depend on the nonmoral good produced.

What is a common argument against psychological egoism?

It cannot logically infer ethical obligations from psychological premises.

What does the principle of maximizing good imply in ethical theories?

Actions should aim to produce the best overall consequences.