Biology 1

    Master this deck with 28 terms through effective study methods.

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    Where does a cell come from?

    Life likely originated in water, possibly in small pools with varying conditions.

    What defines a cell?

    Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms.

    What is the limit of resolution of the human eye?

    The smallest distance at which two points can be seen as distinct is about 0.1 mm.

    How do cells communicate with each other?

    Interactions occur at the cell boundary, allowing material exchange and environmental response.

    What is the role of the cell membrane?

    It protects the cell's contents and regulates substance passage.

    How do unicellular and multicellular organisms differ?

    Unicellular organisms consist of one cell, while multicellular organisms are made up of many cells.

    What happens to a potato piece in plain water?

    It swells due to water moving into the cells through osmosis.

    What is osmosis?

    The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

    What distinguishes a hypertonic solution?

    It has a higher solute concentration compared to the cell's interior.

    What is the fluid-mosaic model?

    It describes the cell membrane's structure as a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

    Who first observed a cell?

    Robert Hooke in 1665 using a microscope.

    What is the function of proteins in the cell membrane?

    They help substances pass through the membrane, acting as gatekeepers.

    What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

    Provides rigidity and structural support.

    How do plant cells differ from animal cells in structure?

    Plant cells have a cell wall; animal cells do not.

    What happens to plant cells in a concentrated sugar solution?

    They lose water but maintain shape due to the cell wall.

    What are prokaryotic cells lacking?

    Well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

    What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

    Sites of protein synthesis.

    What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

    Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.

    What is the primary component of the plant cell wall?

    Cellulose.

    What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

    Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.

    What occurs to cheek cells when placed in a concentrated sugar solution?

    They shrink significantly due to water loss.

    What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

    Break down waste materials and damaged organelles.

    What is the cytoplasm?

    A semi-fluid substance containing organelles.

    What happens to the inner content of plant cells during osmosis?

    It shrinks as the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall.

    What is the significance of the nuclear membrane?

    Regulates material transfer between nucleus and cytoplasm.

    What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

    Rough ER and Smooth ER.

    Why do mature red blood cells lack a nucleus?

    To maximize space for hemoglobin.

    What is the role of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

    Provides structural support and enables movement.