PDF Notes: Unit 1 and 2

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    What is the difference between data and information?

    Data is raw facts; information is data with context and meaning.

    What are the main problems with traditional file-based processing?

    Issues include data redundancy, inconsistency, and lack of central management.

    What is a Database Management System (DBMS)?

    A DBMS manages large amounts of data and separates data from application programs.

    What does data redundancy refer to?

    The unnecessary duplication of data across different files or applications.

    What is the role of a Database Administrator (DBA)?

    The DBA manages the physical database and authorizes access to it.

    What is the purpose of data abstraction in a database?

    It allows users to interact with data without needing to know how it is stored.

    What are the characteristics of the database approach?

    Includes self-description, data abstraction, and support for multiple views.

    What is the consequence of data independence?

    Changes to data structure do not require changes to all programs accessing that data.

    What is a conceptual data model?

    A high-level model that represents data as users perceive it, often using ERDs.

    What are the advantages of using a database?

    Includes reduced redundancy, improved data consistency, and enhanced data sharing.

    What is a disadvantage of using a DBMS?

    Complexity can make it difficult for users to fully utilize its functionalities.

    When should a traditional file system be used instead of a DBMS?

    When the database and applications are simple and do not require multi-user access.

    What is the purpose of a data dictionary?

    It stores metadata, which describes the structure and constraints of the database.

    What is the difference between logical and physical database designers?

    Logical designers focus on data elements; physical designers implement the data model.

    What does the term 'data integrity' mean?

    It refers to the validity and consistency of the data within the database.

    What is the impact of a DBMS failure?

    A failure can affect all users relying on the same database resources.