PDF Notes: Principios_de_Economia_-_MOCHON

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    What is the concept of scarcity in economics?

    It leads to the necessity of making choices.

    What defines opportunity cost?

    The value of the next best alternative forgone.

    How does the demand curve shift?

    Changes in consumer preferences or income.

    What is the relationship between supply and demand at equilibrium?

    Quantity supplied equals quantity demanded.

    What is the role of the entrepreneur in a business?

    To make key decisions for production and profit.

    How do fixed and variable factors differ in production?

    Fixed factors remain constant, while variable factors change.

    What is perfect competition?

    A market structure with many buyers and sellers.

    What distinguishes monopolistic competition from perfect competition?

    Product differentiation exists in monopolistic competition.

    What happens when a price ceiling is set?

    It can lead to shortages in the market.

    What is the significance of the marginal utility concept?

    It helps explain consumer choice behavior.

    What is the effect of a minimum wage on the labor market?

    It may create unemployment if set above equilibrium.

    What are externalities?

    Costs or benefits affecting third parties not involved in a transaction.

    How does the government address market failures?

    Through regulation and provision of public goods.

    What is the purpose of fiscal policy?

    To influence economic activity through government spending and taxation.

    What is the function of money?

    To serve as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account.

    What is the role of the central bank?

    To manage monetary policy and regulate the banking system.

    What is the balance of payments?

    A record of all economic transactions between residents and the rest of the world.

    How do exchange rates affect international trade?

    They determine the relative cost of goods between countries.

    What is the Phillips curve?

    It illustrates the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment.

    What defines the concept of scarcity in economics?

    Scarcity leads to the need for choices due to limited resources.

    What is the cost of opportunity?

    The value of the next best alternative foregone when making a choice.

    How does the demand curve shift?

    Changes in consumer preferences or income can cause shifts.

    What is the relationship between supply and demand?

    They interact to determine market equilibrium prices.

    What characterizes perfect competition?

    Many buyers and sellers with identical products.

    How do monopolies differ from competitive markets?

    Monopolies have single sellers controlling prices and supply.

    What happens when a price ceiling is set?

    It can lead to shortages in the market.

    What is the role of the government in market failures?

    To correct inefficiencies and provide public goods.

    What is the significance of the GDP?

    It measures a country's economic performance.

    What does the Keynesian model emphasize?

    The importance of total spending in the economy.

    What are the functions of money?

    Medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account.

    How does the central bank influence the economy?

    Through monetary policy and controlling money supply.

    What is the balance of payments?

    A record of all economic transactions between residents and the rest of the world.

    What distinguishes fixed from flexible exchange rates?

    Fixed rates are pegged to another currency, while flexible rates fluctuate.

    What is the impact of inflation on purchasing power?

    Inflation decreases the purchasing power of money.