PDF Notes: BIO11_CH04

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    What is the goal of stem cell research?

    To create new tissues and organs for repair or replacement.

    How do stem cells minimize transplant rejection?

    By using a patient's own stem cells for tissue generation.

    What are the implications of genetic research?

    It raises ethical, privacy, and social justice concerns.

    What is the significance of meiosis in genetics?

    It contributes to genetic variability and diversity.

    What are the two main stages of the cell cycle?

    Interphase and cell division.

    What happens during interphase?

    The cell grows and replicates its DNA.

    How does mitosis differ from meiosis?

    Mitosis produces identical daughter cells; meiosis produces gametes.

    What is a mutation?

    A change in the usual order of a DNA sequence.

    What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

    To monitor growth and regulate cell division.

    What is cell differentiation?

    The process by which cells become specialized for specific functions.

    What is the function of the nucleus?

    It controls all cell activities and contains genetic material.

    What is the difference between somatic cells and sex cells?

    Somatic cells form the body; sex cells are involved in reproduction.

    What is the consequence of uncontrolled cell division?

    It can lead to cancer and tumor formation.

    What are chromosomes made of?

    DNA that encodes genetic information.

    What is the S phase of the cell cycle?

    The phase where DNA synthesis and replication occur.

    How do daughter cells compare to the parent cell after mitosis?

    They are genetically identical to the parent cell.

    What is the role of stem cells in medical research?

    They may lead to new treatments for damaged tissues.

    What is the difference between G1 and G2 phases?

    G1 is for growth; G2 is for preparation for division.

    What is a karyotype?

    A visual representation of an organism's chromosomes.

    What is the function of proteins in cells?

    They perform essential activities and determine cell functions.

    What is the significance of genetic material in cell division?

    It ensures daughter cells receive the correct genetic information.