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A condition with reduced extracellular fluid volume.
Massive blood loss or fluid loss from skin, GI, or kidneys.
No sodium deficit but increased capacitance of the ECF compartment.
The part of ECF in the arterial blood system that perfuses tissues.
Renal sodium retention occurs despite reduced EABV.
Weakness, muscle cramps, and postural light-headedness.
An expanded extracellular fluid volume relative to its capacitance.
Primary renal sodium retention or secondary to other organ diseases.
Due to blunted baroreceptor reflexes and sympathetic activation.
They integrate local, systemic, hormonal, and neural factors.
Expansion of effective arterial blood volume.
Sodium balance affects extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure.
Tachycardia, hypotension, and potential circulatory collapse.
Restore normal hemodynamic status and tissue perfusion.
They can induce hypovolemia if used excessively.
It correlates with actual extracellular fluid volume.
Peripheral vasodilation leads to reduced effective arterial blood volume.
Sodium content in ECF is crucial for maintaining blood pressure.
Increased hemoglobin and plasma albumin due to hemodilution.
It stimulates renal sodium and water retention in response to low EABV.