chapter 3 Networks

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    What is the primary function of the data link layer?

    Ensures reliable communication of frames between adjacent machines.

    How does the data link layer handle transmission errors?

    It detects and corrects errors using checksums and error correction codes.

    What is a frame in the context of the data link layer?

    A discrete unit of data encapsulated for transmission.

    What distinguishes unacknowledged connectionless service from acknowledged connection-oriented service?

    The former does not guarantee error recovery, while the latter establishes a connection.

    What happens if a byte count in framing becomes incorrect?

    The receiver may lose synchronization and fail to locate frame starts.

    What is byte stuffing?

    Inserting an escape byte before flag bytes in data to prevent confusion.

    How does bit stuffing work?

    Inserts a 0 after five consecutive 1s to maintain frame integrity.

    What are the two basic strategies for error handling in data transmission?

    Including redundancy to deduce original data or to detect errors for retransmission.

    What is the purpose of parity in error detection?

    To identify an odd number of bit errors in transmitted data.

    How does interleaving improve error detection?

    It allows detection of burst errors by computing parity over non-adjacent bits.

    What is a checksum?

    A value sent with data to verify integrity by comparing sums.

    What is the role of a generator polynomial in CRC?

    It is used to compute the CRC for error detection in transmitted frames.

    How is Hamming distance calculated?

    By counting the number of differing bits between two codewords.

    What does a minimum Hamming distance of 3 guarantee?

    Detection of up to 2 errors in a block code.

    What is the implication of a minimum Hamming distance of 2t + 1?

    It ensures correction of up to t errors in a block code.